Biology

Genetics and Evolutionary Biology

1,156 Questions

Genetics and evolutionary biology explain how traits are passed from parents to offspring and how species change over time. Key concepts include genetic drift, inbreeding, and heredity. This topic is fundamental for the biology section of many competitive tests.

Heredity and traitsGenetic variations and driftInbreeding conceptsEvolutionary mechanisms

Genetics and Evolutionary Biology Questions

Multiple choice biology reproductive health stds and infertility gm crops biotechnology

When a species of an organism cannot form a zygote but the zygote survives, the phenomenon is known as

  1. Hybrid vigour

  2. Hybrid sterility

  3. Hybrid zygote

  4. Hybrid fertility
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Hybrid zygotes sometimes develop into adults, such as mules (hybrids between female horses and male donkeys), but the adults fail to develop functional gametes and are sterile. This phenomenon is called as hybrid sterility. Thus, option B is correct. 

Heterosis, also called hybrid vigour, the increase in such characteristics as size, growth rate, fertility, and yield of a hybrid organism over those of its parents. Plant and animal breeders exploit heterosis by mating two different pure-bred lines that have certain desirable traits. Thus, option A is wrong. 
In some cases, no barriers exist to mating between members of different species. In these cases, the zygote formed is called a hybrid zygote. Thus, option C is wrong. 
Fertility ability of a hybrid is called as hybrid fertility. Thus, option D is wrong.

Multiple choice evs flowers and fruits phanerogams gymnosperms pictorial feature of plant kingdom

How many generations are present in the seed of gymnosperms?

  1. $2$
  2. $3$
  3. $1$
  4. $4$
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Unlike bryophytes and pteridophytes, in gymnosperm, the male and female gametophytes don't have an independent free-living existence. They remain attached to the sporophytes. After fertilization, these developed into an embryo and the ovule into seeds. Seeds are not covered. So 3 generation live inside one seed of gymnosperm- the embryo and the female gametophytic tissue and the seed coat and the nucellus which is the female sporophytic tissue.

So, the correct option is '3'

Multiple choice evs flowers and fruits phanerogams gymnosperms pictorial feature of plant kingdom

How many generations found in seed of gymnosperm?

  1. 1

  2. 2

  3. 4

  4. 3
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The sporophyte (2n) phase is the longest phase. The gametophytes (1n), microspores and megaspores, are reduced in size. This phase may take more than one year between pollination and fertilization, while the pollen tube grows towards the megasporocyte (2n), which undergoes meiosis into megaspores. The megaspores will mature into eggs (1n) .
Gymnosperm seed is made up of three generations of tissues. 
1) maternal sporophyte tissue (seed coat and nucellus), 
2) gametophyte 
3) daughter sporophyte (embryo)

Multiple choice

In order for mutations to affect natural selection, what must be true?

  1. passed on to offspring

  2. occur on the mRNA

  3. occur in metaphase of mitosis

  4. all of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

For a mutation to influence the evolution of a population via natural selection, it must be heritable, meaning it must be present in the germline cells and passed on to the next generation.

Multiple choice

What is the source of variation in a population?

  1. DNA

  2. Mutation

  3. Mitosis

  4. parasites
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Mutations are random changes in DNA sequences that create new genetic variations within a population, which is the fundamental source of the raw material for natural selection.

Multiple choice

What is the purpose of Punnett squares?

  1. To chart genetic history over generations

  2. To show all the possible combos of genetic info for a trait

  3. To look nice
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Punnett squares are a visual tool used to predict the probability of different genotypes and phenotypes in offspring based on the parents' genetic information.

Multiple choice

What can help make a population of organisms more resistant to diseases and adaptive to change

  1. Having greater genetic diversity in a population

  2. When every organism in a population is a clone of each other

  3. Reproducing slowly with very few offspring at a time

  4. Reproducing asexually with lots of offspring at a time
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Genetic diversity provides a wider range of traits within a population, which increases the likelihood that some individuals will possess variations that allow them to survive environmental changes or disease outbreaks.

Multiple choice

Which of these is the major advantage of Sexual Reproduction?

  1. Requires one or two parents

  2. Requires a lot of energy

  3. Very few offspring are usually created

  4. Creates genetic diversity
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of gametes from two parents, which shuffles genetic material. This process creates offspring with unique combinations of genes, leading to genetic diversity.

Multiple choice

Which of these is the major disadvantage of Asexual Reproduction?

  1. It requires only one parent

  2. Requires a lot of energy

  3. Usually happens very quickly

  4. There is no genetic diversity
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Asexual reproduction produces genetically identical clones of the parent. Because there is no mixing of genetic material, the population lacks genetic diversity, which can make them more vulnerable to environmental changes.

Multiple choice

Which of these is one of the advantages of Asexual Reproduction?

  1. Only one parent is required

  2. Requires a lot of energy

  3. Very few offspring are usually created

  4. Creates genetic diversity
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

A primary advantage of asexual reproduction is that it does not require finding a mate. An organism can reproduce on its own, making it more efficient in terms of time and energy.

Multiple choice

Which of these is one of the advantages of Asexual Reproduction?

  1. Two parents are required

  2. Many offspring are often produced in a short period of time

  3. Requires a lot of energy

  4. Creates genetic diversity
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Asexual reproduction allows for rapid population growth because individuals do not need to wait to find a partner. This allows them to exploit favorable conditions quickly.

Multiple choice

Inherited traits cannot be affected by the environment.

  1. true

  2. false
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Inherited traits provide the blueprint, but the environment can influence how those traits are expressed. For example, skin color is inherited, but sun exposure can change its appearance.