Biology

Genetics and Evolutionary Biology

1,156 Questions

Genetics and evolutionary biology explain how traits are passed from parents to offspring and how species change over time. Key concepts include genetic drift, inbreeding, and heredity. This topic is fundamental for the biology section of many competitive tests.

Heredity and traitsGenetic variations and driftInbreeding conceptsEvolutionary mechanisms

Genetics and Evolutionary Biology Questions

Multiple choice zoology plant reproduction different modes of reproduction sexual and asexual reproduction lifespan, reproduction and variation

One advantage of sexual reproduction is that it allows for genetic sameness.

  1. True

  2. False
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

  • In sexual reproduction, two individuals are involved and there is the genetic exchange between the male and female. 
  • As there is an exchange of genetic material, the offspring, won't have exactly the same material as either of his parents. 
  • There will be a different genetic content of each offspring, every time. As a result, there is no genetic sameness instead, sexual reproduction leads to variation.

Multiple choice zoology plant reproduction different modes of reproduction sexual and asexual reproduction lifespan, reproduction and variation

......................... reproduction causes greater diversity.

  1. Sexual

  2. Asexual

  3. Both A and B

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
Sexual reproduction causes greater genetic diversity because the sperm and egg with a different set of genes fuse to form new individual and further mixes the genes to produce more genetic diversity. 
Asexual reproduction is the process where one organism divides into two without shuffling its genes, so the offspring has the same version of genes as the parent. Thus, the correct answer is option A.
Multiple choice biology life processes: reproduction, growth and development different types of reproduction reproductive health of humans need of family planning

Why asexual reproduction is sometimes disadvantageous?

  1. It allows animals that do not move around to produce offspring without finding mates

  2. It allows an animal to produce many offspring quickly

  3. It saves the time and energy of gamete production

  4. It produces genetically uniform populations
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Asexual reproduction is a type of reproduction by which offspring arise from a single organism, and inherit the genes of that parent only; it does not involve the fusion of gametes, and almost never changes the number of chromosomes. It produces genetically uniform populations.

So, the correct option is 'Option D'.

Multiple choice evs animal- the base of our life diversity in the living world environmental conservation and biodiversity biodiversity on earth and in india

Assertion : Alpha diversity is said to be higher if the dissimilarity between local pool species.

Reason : Alpha diversity is a measure of diversity between the communities in a local area.

  1. Both the Assertion and the Reason are true and the Reason is a correct explanation of the Assertion

  2. Both the Assertion and the Reason are true but the Reason is not a correct explanation of the Assertion.

  3. The Assertion is true but the Reason is false.

  4. Both the Assertion and Reason are true.

  5. The Assertion is false but Reason is true.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

A local pool species includes all the available species in a given area. The species diversity in a local community is called alpha diversity. It is said to be higher if there is a dissimilarity between local pool species. This diversity is influenced by the interaction between the biotic and abiotic factors. It also depends on immigration. Thus the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice evs animal- the base of our life diversity in the living world environmental conservation and biodiversity biodiversity on earth and in india

Which of the following will not affect the frequency of the gene in a large population?

  1. A) Environmental selective pressure

  2. B) selective immigration

  3. C) Random mating

  4. D) Non random mating
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
  • Selective pressures drive natural selection.
  •  Some members of the population will not survive and reproduce and, thus, will not pass on their genes into the next generation. This change in the genetic makeup of a population is called evolution. 
  • Hence, Environmental selective pressure will not affect the frequency of the gene in a large population. 
  • So, the correct answer is 'Environmental selective pressure'.
Multiple choice botany plant breeding method of plant breeding for crop improvement plant breeding for food production biotechnology

Which is not applicable to the biological species concept?

  1. Hybridization

  2. Natural population

  3. Reproductive isolation

  4. Gene Pool
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
The biological species concept defines a species as a members of populations that potentially interbreed in nature. The biological species concept explains species resemblance and how some differ from other species. Offspring has fusion of parent's genes. As the generation increases, the genes of different organisms are constantly shuffled around the species gene pool. The shared gene pool gives the species its identity. Genes are not transferred to other species and different species thus, take on a different phenotype. Interbreeding between species is prevented by isolating mechanisms. The biological species concept centers on this inability to successfully hybridize
 So, the correct answer is 'Hybridization'
Multiple choice botany plant breeding method of plant breeding for crop improvement plant breeding for food production biotechnology

Collection of genetic variability is required in plant breeding programme because

  1. It leads to inbreeding depression in hybrids

  2. It is the root of any breeding programme

  3. Diverse alleles in germplasm helps you to choose desirable charters

  4. Both (2) and (3)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Genetic variability is the cornerstone of breeding with the advent of molecular biology, traditional interspecific, intergenetic and plant type barriers to gene transfer have been removed. By isolating the gene for a particular trait and inserting it into a new host by a range of techniques the gene becomes a part of the host.DNA.

So, the correct option is 'Both (2) and (3)'.

Multiple choice biology health and hygiene minerals and vitamins nutrition and diet role of various nutrients

A bacterial population contains a mixture of wild type and leucine auxotrophs. From this mixture, the leucine auxotrophs can be enriched by growing the mixture in minimal medium supplemented with 

  1. leucine

  2. penicillin

  3. leucine and penicillin

  4. chloramphenicol
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Penicillin kills actively growing cells by inhibiting cell wall synthesis. Wild type cells grow in minimal medium and are killed by penicillin, whereas leucine auxotrophs cannot grow without leucine and thus remain dormant, surviving penicillin selection.

Multiple choice botany pollination, fertilization and development of endosperm and embryo types of pollination cross pollination pollination and its types

Allogamy is very useful because it results in ...............

  1. Formation of male off-springs

  2. Weaker progeny

  3. Superior progeny

  4. formation of seeds
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Allogamy is also called as cross pollination. In the case of allogamy, the pollen from a flower falls on the flower of a different plant. This causes the genetic recombinations to take place. This is not possible in any other type of pollinations. Thus it produces the superior progeny.

Multiple choice biology pollination, fertilization and development of endosperm and embryo types of pollination cross pollination pollination and its types

Advantage of cleistogamy is ..................

  1. More vigorous offspring

  2. Non-dependence on pollinators

  3. Vivipary

  4. Higher genetic variability
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Cleistogamy procedure do not depend on pollinators. It is because, cleistogamy is automatic self-pollination which describes the trait of certain plants to propagate by using non-opening, self-pollinating flowers. Especially well known in peanuts, peas and beans, this behaviour is most widespread in the grass family.

Multiple choice biology pollination, fertilization and development of endosperm and embryo types of pollination cross pollination pollination and its types

An advantage of cleistogamy is

  1. It leads to greater genetic diversity.

  2. Seed dispersal is more efficient and wide spread.

  3. Each visit of pollinator brings hundreds of pollen grains.

  4. Seed set is not dependent upon pollinators.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
Cleistogamy is the phenomenon, where flowers never open and in such flowers, only self-pollination occurs within the bud (unopened flower). Bisexual flowers which do not open at all are called cleistogamous. In such flowers, anthers and stigma lie close to each other. When the anthers dehisce in the flower buds, pollen grains come in contact with the stigma and pollination occurs. Cleistogamous flowers are not dependent on external agencies for pollination. Hence, seed setting is not dependent on pollinators and will occur even in the absence of pollinators.
So, the correct answer is D.
Multiple choice botany adaptation plant adaptation adaptation in plants plant habitat importance and classification of angiosperms aquatic plant adaptations pollination through water life in water

Study of genetic composition of population in relation to habitat is called

  1. Genecology

  2. Genetics

  3. Eugenics

  4. Euthenics
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
a) Genecology is a branch of ecology which studies genetic variation of species compared to their population distribution in a particular environment.
b) Genetics is the branch of zoology which deals with the mechanism of heredity. It deals with transmission of hereditary characters from parents to offspring. 
c) Eugenics is the branch of science which deals with the selection of desired heritable characteristics in order to improve future generations.
d) Euthenics is the science of improving the internal well-being of the human by improving the external factor of their environment. 
So, the correct answer is 'Genecology'.
Multiple choice zoology living and non living characteristics of life attributes of living organisms signs of life biology : an introduction living world and classification

There are various types of reproduction. The type of reproduction adopted by an organism depends on

  1. The habitat and morphology of the organism

  2. Morphology of the organism

  3. Morphology and physiology of the organism

  4. The organisms habitat, physiology and genetic makeup
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
There are various types of reproduction, both asexual (fission, budding, etc.) and sexual (internal and external). The type of reproduction, an organism undergoes depends ultimately on its genetic makeup which influences its physiology. Habitat also influence the type of reproduction, that organism undergoes.
So, the correct answer is 'The organisms habitat, physiology and genetic makeup'.
Multiple choice zoology reproduction in organisms parthenocarpic fruits parthenogenesis the life cycle of plants

In apomictic/parthenogenetic development the individuals are

  1. Morphologically and genetically similar

  2. Morphologically and genetically different

  3. Morphologically similar but genetically different

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Development of an embryo from an unfertilized egg cell is called as parthenogenesis. The offsprings produced through apomictic are similar in morphological and genetical characters.

So the correct answer is 'Morphologically and genetically similar.'