Forestry and Plant Sciences

Shrubs are woody perennial plants typically growing 10-15 feet tall, intermediate between herbs (soft-stemmed) and trees (much taller). They have multiple stems arising from the base rather than a single trunk.

restore (we use only first form of the verb after ‘to’)

Water droplets are formed by the process of transpiration.  The liquid that comes out of tree bark is actually the excretory wastes like resins, gums, alkaloids (wastes obtained from nitrogenous substances), rubber, etc. Plants do not have special excretory system. They excrete out these waste materials through the bark. Cell sap is the liquid that is stored in the cell vacuole and composed of water and sugars.

The eucalyptus is the quintessential Australian tree, with over 700 species native to the continent. It dominates 75% of Australia's forests and woodlands. Oak and Pine are native to the Northern Hemisphere, and rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis) are native to South America, though planted elsewhere.

Collection of trees is known as Forest.

 Cork is a substance which comes from the bark of a tree. Cork is an impermeable, buoyant material.

Bark consists of all tissues outside the vascular cambium, including secondary phloem, cork cambium (phellogen), and cork (phellem). The vascular cambium produces secondary xylem (wood) internally and secondary phloem externally. Option D is the most complete answer.

In a forest ecosystem, the pyramid of numbers is upright because trees (producers) are the fewest, herbivores (primary consumers) are more numerous, and carnivores (secondary consumers) are most numerous. This creates a classic pyramid shape with the base wider than the top.

Here only the quality is stated, so the Positive degree of the Adjective is to be used. Hence, 'big' is the correct option.

Nageia in Podocarpaceae have broad, flat strap-shaped leaves.

All conifers yield softwood.

There are over 150 species of timber that are produced in India. Following are some varieties of timber trees that are used for engineering purposes in India: Artocarpus hirsutus, Terminalia arjuna, Anogeissus latifolia, Acacia nilotica, Ficus benghalensis, etc.

Hence, the set ‘Artocarpus hirsutus, Terminalia arjuna, Anogeissus latifolia’ represents timber-yielding plants.

Axe is used for woodcutting with a jerk; hacksaw is used for woodcutting with a toothed blade; mower is used for cutting grass through carpeting. 

This is the correct option as this statement is false. The peripheral region of the secondary xylem is lighter in colour and is known as the sapwood.

Coniferous forests, also known as taiga or boreal forests, are the primary source of commercial lumber worldwide. These forests contain softwood trees like pine, spruce, and fir that grow in relatively pure stands, making them ideal for large-scale logging operations. The wood is used for construction, paper production, and various industrial applications.