Biology · Environmental Studies

Forestry and Plant Sciences

1,005 Questions

Review important biological concepts with these questions on forestry and plant sciences. The topics include non-timber forest products, timber wood types, lichen growth, and tree structures. This content is ideal for students preparing for agriculture and biology exams.

Industrial wood productionLichen growth patternsNon-timber forest productsPapilionaceous timber woodsTree crown typesFast growing trees

Forestry and Plant Sciences Questions

Multiple choice botany plants in daily life types of wood importance of plants secondary growth in stem

Out of diffuse porous and ring porous woods, which is correct?

  1. Ring porous wood carries more water for short period.

  2. Diffuse porous wood carries more water.

  3. Ring porous wood carries more water when need is higher.

  4. Diffuse porous wood is less specialised but conducts water rapidly throughout.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
  • In ring-porous trees, the vessels laid down at the beginning of the growing season are much larger than subsequent vessels laid down at the end of the season. Diffuse porous trees form the vessel of roughly the same radial diameter throughout the growing season.

So, the correct option is 'Diffuse porous wood is less specialized but conducts water rapidly throughout'
Multiple choice botany plants in daily life types of wood importance of plants secondary growth in stem

Spring wood is $\underline{(a)}$ in colour & has $\underline{(b)}$ density as compared to heart wood.

  1. (a)-Darker, (b)-Heavier

  2. (a)-Lighter, (b)-Lower

  3. (a)-Darker, (b)-Lower

  4. (a)-Lighter, (b)-Heavier
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Springwood is formed due to the rapid activity of the vascular cambium. The vessels are wider in lumen. It is light and has low density. Heartwood is the wood that has non-functional vessels due to deposition of lignin by tyloses. It appears dark and has more density. So, the correct answer is springwood is lighter in colour and has a lower density as compared to heartwood.

Multiple choice botany plants in daily life types of wood importance of plants secondary growth in stem

Which of the following statements are correct about heart wood? 
i) It does not help in water conduction.
ii) It is also called alburnum.
iii) It is light in colour and is very soft
iv) It has tracheary elements which are filled with tannins, resins,etc.

  1. (ii) and (iv)

  2. (i), (ii) and (iii)

  3. (i) and (iv)

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
  • Heartwood is also known as duramen.
  • It is the central dead part wood of trees. 
  • The cells in this region contain tannins or resins that give it a dark colour.
  • It is inactive and does not conduct water.
  • So, the correct answer is '(i) and (iv)'.
Multiple choice botany plants in daily life types of wood importance of plants secondary growth in stem

Alburnum is also called as 

  1. Autmn wood

  2. Heart wood

  3. Sap wood

  4. Spring wood
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
  • The outer, new living layers of a secondary wood of a tree where transport of water and minerals to the crown of the tree take place are called alburnum. 
  • Alburnum is also known as sapwood.
  • It contains high moisture content than a heartwood.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Sapwood'.
Multiple choice botany plants in daily life types of wood importance of plants secondary growth in stem

Heartwood differs from sapwood in ____________________.

  1. Absence of vessels and parenchyma

  2. Having dead and non-conducting elements

  3. Being susceptible to pests and pathogens

  4. Presence of rays and fibers
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The older woody trees show two characteristic types of wood namely heartwood and sapwood. The heartwood is made up of dead xylem vessels that have been filled with tyloses and are rich in deposits of resins and tannins. These are non-functional and appear darker. 

The sapwood contains the newly formed vessels that are functional and appear lighter. The hardwood provides resistance from the pest attack and increases the durability of the wood.

Hence, the correct answer will be having dead and non-conducting elements.

The correct option is B.

Multiple choice botany plants in daily life types of wood importance of plants secondary growth in stem

Autumn wood is distinguishable from spring wood in having

  1. Narrow tracheary elements

  2. Broader tracheary elements

  3. Lighter colour

  4. Cambium
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

In the dicotyledonous trees growing temperate regions, during favorable conditions, large amount of secondary xylem is formed. It is called Spring wood or early wood. It consists of large, thin walled broad tracheary elements. In the unfavorable conditions, less amount of secondary xylem is formed. It is called autumn wood or late wood. It consists of small, thick walled narrow tracheary elements.

So, the correct option is ‘Narrow tracheary elements’.

Multiple choice botany plants in daily life types of wood importance of plants secondary growth in stem

Match the species with type of wood
(a) Tectona grandis
(b) Cedrus deodara
(c) Shorea robusta
(d) Dalbergia sisso
(e) Softwood
(f) Hardwood

  1. a-e, b-f, c-f, d-e

  2. a-e, b-e, c-f, d-f

  3. a-f, b-e, c-f, d-f

  4. a-f, b-e, c-e, d-f
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Tectona grandis - Hard wood is present.

Cedrus deodara - Soft wood is present.
Shorea robusta - Hard wood is present.
Dalbergia sissoo - Hard wood is present
So, the correct option is 'a-f, b-e, c-f, d-f'.

Multiple choice botany plants in daily life types of wood importance of plants secondary growth in stem

When one wood is lighter in colour with lower density, the other wood is darker with higher density. They are.

  1. Springwood and autumn-wood

  2. Heartwood and late wood

  3. Springwood and early wood

  4. Sapwood and spring wood

  5. Autumn wood and springwood
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

In dicotyledonous stems, during intra stellar secondary growth, a ring of cambium called vascular cambium is formed.  In the plants growing temperate regions, the activity of vascular cambium is influenced by the existence of maximum seasonal variations. In the spring or early summer, due to the existence of favourable conditions, a large amount of secondary xylem is formed. it is called Springwood or early wood. It is lighter in colour with low density. In the autumn season, due to the presence of unfavourable conditions, less amount of wood is formed. it is called autumn wood or latewood. It is darker in colour with higher density.

So the correct option is ‘Spring wood and autumn wood’.

Multiple choice botany plants in daily life types of wood importance of plants secondary growth in stem

Heartwood is absent even in very old trunk of

  1. Quercus and Pinus

  2. Salix and Morus

  3. Mangifera and Dalbergia

  4. Populus and Salix
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

In Quercus and Pinus, during secondary growth, secondary xylem show vessels without pores, also non porous vessels. It is loose and soft. So it is not considered as heart wood. So, heart wood is absent in Quercus and Pinus.

So, the correct option is ‘Quercus and Pinus’.