Biology · Science General

Evolution and Biological Adaptation

1,354 Questions

Evolution and biological adaptation focus on natural selection, speciation events, and how organisms adjust to environmental changes over time. These foundational biology concepts appear frequently in general science sections of civil services and school board examinations. Use these questions to study evolutionary theories, ancestral traits, and the fossil record.

Natural selection mechanismsSpeciation event examplesBiological adaptation traitsPanspermia hypothesis conceptsFossil record analysisMate selection theories

Evolution and Biological Adaptation Questions

Multiple choice biology origin and evolution of life fossilization geological time scale, extinctions and fossils concepts of evolution

Which statement is correct?

  1. Lamarck theory - Struggle for existence

  2. Darwin theory - Use and disuse of organ

  3. Biogentic law - Recapitulation theory

  4. Lamarck theory - Theory of continuity of germplasm
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The Biogenetic Law, proposed by Ernst Haeckel, is synonymous with the Recapitulation Theory, which states that ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny.

Multiple choice origin of universe universe and organic evolution biology

Assertion : Formation of new species is called speciation.

Reason : The deme has a common gene pool.

  1. If both the assertion and the reason are true and the reason is a correct explanation of the assertion

  2. If both the assertion and reason are true but the reason is not a correct explanation of the assertion

  3. If the assertion is true but the reason is false

  4. If both the assertion and reason are false

  5. If the assertion is false but reason is true
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The phenomenon of development of a new species from pre - existing one is called speciation. A species is a collection of demes. The deme is a groups of populations with a common gene pool.

Multiple choice zoology frog introduction to reproduction reproductive system in frog frog - digestive system, circulatory system, excretory system and reproductive system

Recapitulation theory is explained by all statements except

  1. Retrogressive evolution in Herdmania

  2. Development of frog from a tailed tadpole

  3. Presence of flagellated sperms in Ginkgo

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
Recapitulation theory, also known as Biogenetic law, was given by Ernst Haeckel which states 'Ontogeny recapitulates Phylogeny'. This means that embryo during its development, goes through the evolutionary stages of its ancestors.
  • The larva of Herdmania shows retrogressive metamorphosis in which the larva looses the characters of chordates and attains the form of a invertebrate.
  • The tadpole larva of Frog shows fish like characters like gills, gill slits and lateral line organs. This indicates that amphibians evolved from fish like ancestors.
  • Gingko is a primitive gymnosperm. Presence of flagellated sperms in Gingko like in Pteridophytes suggest that gymnosperms have evolved from Pteridophytes.
Hence, statement B can not be explain Recapitulation theory.
So, the correct answer is 'Development of frog from a tailed tadpole'.
Multiple choice biology biology : an introduction introduction to organization of life signs of life what is living?

The attributes of living organisms are

  1. Reproduction

  2. Self consciousness

  3. Movement

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Living organisms are blessed with the capability to reproduce and increase in number. The living cell has cellular machinery which helps in cell division. The self-consciousness is the ability to react and respond to a particular stimulus which is due to the well developed nervous system which helps to analyse the generated response. Movement is another unique potential of a living organism which is possible due to a fully developed skeletal and muscular system.

So, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice biology biology : an introduction introduction to organization of life signs of life what is living?

Reproduction is the ability of the living organisms to 

  1. Show response to stimulus

  2. Adjust to the change in the climate

  3. Produce similar of its kind

  4. Show growth and development
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Reproduction is a process of producing offsprings from parents. It can be sexual, asexual or vegetative. Only sexual reproduction involves the fusion of gametes. It ensures continuity of a species by producing its own kind and also a transfer of genes in further generations.

So the correct option is 'Produce similar of its kind'.

Multiple choice biology biology : an introduction introduction to organization of life signs of life what is living?

Changes in structure and function of living beings is known as

  1. Adaptions

  2. Order

  3. Metabolism

  4. Development
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Changes in structure and function of living beings is called as development. Development is important in an organism for in survival in the competition of nature. Development leads to adaptations that increase the chances of survival of an organism. 

So the correct option is D "development".

Multiple choice biology biology : an introduction introduction to organization of life signs of life what is living?

Which of the following sets does not contain defining characteristics of living organisms?

  1. Growth and reproduction

  2. Metabolism and cellular level of organisation

  3. Response to stimuli and consciousness

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Characters like growth, reproduction, metabolism, responsiveness to stimuli are all defining characteristics of living organisms

Multiple choice biology biology : an introduction introduction to organization of life signs of life what is living?

Which of the following improves the capacity of an organism to survive in a particular environment?

  1. Growth

  2. Reproduction

  3. Repair

  4. Adaptation
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Adaptation is the ability of an organism to modify or change according to the conditions of the environment. This ability allows the organism to change some of the structures permanently and evolve to form a more sustainable organism. This property improves the chances of survival of the organism in a particular area. 

Thus, the correct answer is option D. 

Multiple choice biology biology : an introduction introduction to organization of life signs of life what is living?

The change that takes place in the body of the organism when a stimulus is provided is known as 

  1. Adaptation

  2. Response

  3. Growth

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
An adaptation is a feature that helps an organism, such as a plant or animal, survive in its environment.
A response can be defined as any change in the behavior of a living organism that results when an external or internal stimulus is provided. Growth is an irreversible, permanent increase in the size of an organ or its parts or even of an individual cell.
So, the answer is B.
Multiple choice biology concept of life theories of the origin of life origin of life the origin of cells and cell division

Extra-terrestrial origin of life was proposed by theory of ____________.

  1. Catastrophism

  2. Spontaneous generation

  3. Special creation

  4. Panspermia
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The theory of Panspermia suggests that life exists throughout the universe and is distributed by space dust, meteoroids, asteroids, or comets. It posits that life on Earth originated from these extraterrestrial sources.

Multiple choice biology concept of life theories of the origin of life origin of life the origin of cells and cell division

Living organisms on the Earth have evolved gradually from one form to another over the million years. This statement was given by

  1. Darwin

  2. Robert Hook

  3. Linneaus

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
Most of the life forms that we see today have arise by changes that has occurred over the time which allow the organism a better survival. This idea was given by Charles Darwin in 1859 in his book 'The origin of species'
So, the correct answer is 'Darwin'