Environmental Studies · General Awareness

International Environmental Treaties

1,803 Questions

International environmental treaties are critical agreements governing global sustainability, waste management, and climate change protocols. These topics are essential components of the general awareness syllabus for UPSC, banking, and SSC exams. Practice these questions to master global conventions.

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International Environmental Treaties Questions

Multiple choice economics environment pollution international efforts for conserving biodiversity effects of pollution on environment government efforts in pollution control

Appropriate measure to reduce overall green house gas emissions are commitments of

  1. Kyoto Protocol

  2. Montreal Protocol

  3. Environment Act

  4. Earth Summit
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The Kyoto Protocol was signed in 1997 under the aegis of United Nations Framework for Climate Change (UNFCC) in 1997 and got effective from 2005. It is the only legally binding protocol to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, CFCs, sulphur hexafluoride etc. Its first commitment period provided for 5% reduction.

A. Kyoto Protocol provides for greenhouse gas emission reduction.
B. Montreal Protocol provides for phasing out of ozone-depleting substances,
C. Environment Act is the domestic law providing for various environmental-related activities and their penalization when not followed.
D. Earth Summit of 1991 provided for measures to be adopted to have sustainable development.
Hence, the correct answer is 'Kyoto Protocol'.

Multiple choice economics environment pollution international efforts for conserving biodiversity effects of pollution on environment government efforts in pollution control

Global agreement to reduce release of ODS is?

  1. Viema Convention

  2. Rio de Janeiro Conference

  3. Kyoto Protocol

  4. Montreal Protocol
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
  • Montreal Protocol is an international treaty signed at Montreal (Canada) in 1987 to control the emission of ozone-depleting substances (ODS).
  • The Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer is an environmental agreement signed in 1985 that provided frameworks for international reductions in the production of chlorofluorocarbons that cause ozone depletion.
  • Rio de Janeiro Conference in 1992 was held for addressing urgent problems of environmental protection and socio-economic development at the global level.
  • The Kyoto Protocol is an international agreement linked to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, which commits its Parties to reduce greenhouse gas emissions leading to global warming.
  • So the correct answer is 'Montreal protocol'.
Multiple choice economics environment pollution international efforts for conserving biodiversity effects of pollution on environment government efforts in pollution control

In Kyoto protocol, the major nations agreed to reduce emission of green house gases by

  1. $2008$
  2. $2010$
  3. $2012$
  4. $2018$
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The Kyoto Protocol is the only legally binding agreement to reduce the greenhouse gases under the United Nations Framework For Climate Change (UNFCC). It was signed in 1997 and got effective in 2005. The participating countries have agreed to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases by an average of 5% below 1990 levels during the first commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol from 2008-2012. The Protocol targets the following greenhouse gases:

Carbon dioxide 
Methane
Nitrous oxides
Hydrofluorocarbons
Perfluorocarbons
Sulphur hexafluoride
So, the correct answer is '2012'

Multiple choice economics environment pollution international efforts for conserving biodiversity effects of pollution on environment government efforts in pollution control

Montreal protocol is associated with ______________________.

  1. Control of emission of ozone depleting substances

  2. Control of radioactive wastes

  3. Control of desertification

  4. Protection and management of forests
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Recognising the deleterious affects of ozone depletion, an international treaty, known as the Montreal Protocol, was signed at Montreal (canada) in 1987 (effective in 1989) to control the emission of ozone depleting substances.

Multiple choice economics environment pollution international efforts for conserving biodiversity effects of pollution on environment government efforts in pollution control

Montreal protocol aims at :

  1. Control of $CO _2$ emission

  2. Reduction of ozone depleting substances

  3. Biodiversity conservation

  4. Control of water pollution
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The primary objective of the Montreal Protocol is to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production and consumption of ozone-depleting substances, such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs).

Multiple choice economics environment pollution international efforts for conserving biodiversity effects of pollution on environment government efforts in pollution control

The historic convention on Biological Diversity held in Rio de Janeiro in 1992 is known as  

  1. CITES Convention

  2. The Earth Summit

  3. G - 16 Summit

  4. MAB Programme.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), also known as the Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit, the Rio Summit, the Rio Conference, and the Earth Summit (Portuguese: ECO 92),was a major United Nations conference held in Rio de Janeiro from 3 to 14 June 1992. More than 100 heads of states met in Rio de Janeiro in Brazil. Earth Summit was created as a response for Member States to cooperate together internationally on development issues after the Cold War. 
So the correct option is 'The Earth Summit'.
Multiple choice economics environment pollution international efforts for conserving biodiversity effects of pollution on environment government efforts in pollution control

Global agreement in specific control strategies to reduce the release of ozone depleting substances, was adopted by :

  1. The Vienna Convention

  2. Rio de Janeiro Conference

  3. The Montreal Protocol

  4. The Kyoto Protocol
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

While the Vienna Convention provided the framework, the Montreal Protocol was the specific international agreement that established binding control strategies and timelines for reducing the release of ozone-depleting substances.

Multiple choice economics environment pollution international efforts for conserving biodiversity effects of pollution on environment government efforts in pollution control

The second commitment period for Kyoto Protocol was decided at

  1. Bali

  2. Doha

  3. Cancun

  4. Durban
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
The 1st commitment period under the Kyoto Protocol was from 2008-2012. The 2nd commitment period for the period 2013- 2020 was adopted in 2012 by the Doha Amendment of the Kyoto Protocol. India has ratified the second commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol (or Doha Amendment) that commits countries to contain the emission of the greenhouse.
So the correct answer is 'Doha'.
Multiple choice economics environment pollution international efforts for conserving biodiversity effects of pollution on environment government efforts in pollution control

Multiple Choice Questions
Identity the correctly matched pair

  1. Basal Convention - Biodiversity conservation

  2. Kyoto Protocol - Climate change

  3. Montreal Protocol - Global warming

  4. Ramsar Convention - Ground water pollution.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change aimed to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases that contribute to global warming and climate change. It was adopted in the year 1997.

So, the correct answer is option B, Kyoto protocol - Climate change.

Multiple choice economics environment pollution international efforts for conserving biodiversity effects of pollution on environment government efforts in pollution control

Which among the following protocols is also related to the Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) mechanism?

  1. Kyoto protocol

  2. Nagoya Protocol

  3. Geneva Protocol

  4. Cartagena Protocol
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The Nagoya Protocol is a supplementary agreement to the Convention on Biological Diversity that provides a transparent legal framework for the effective implementation of the Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) mechanism.

Multiple choice economics environment pollution international efforts for conserving biodiversity effects of pollution on environment government efforts in pollution control

Multiple Choice Questions
Global agreement to reduce release of ODS is

  1. Vienna Convention

  2. Rio de Janeiro Conference

  3. Kyoto Protocol

  4. Montreal Protocol.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

ODS- Ozone Depleting Substances are the substances that cause depletion of the ozone layer. Under Montreal Protocol a global agreement was signed in the year 1987 in order to reduce the production of ODS.

So, the correct answer is Montreal protocol.

Multiple choice economics environment pollution international efforts for conserving biodiversity effects of pollution on environment government efforts in pollution control

What is the another name of Earth Summit?

  1. Geneva Summit

  2. Brasilia Summit

  3. Rio Summit

  4. World Summit
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The Earth Summit, held in Rio de Janeiro in 1992, is formally known as the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), and is commonly referred to as the Rio Summit.

Multiple choice economics environment pollution international efforts for conserving biodiversity effects of pollution on environment government efforts in pollution control

Montreal Protocol refers to

  1. Biosafety of genetically modified organisms.

  2. Substances that deplete ozone layer.

  3. Persistent organic pollutants.

  4. Global warming and climate change.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The Montreal Protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer is an international treaty designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production of numerous substances that are responsible for ozone depletion. It was agreed on 16 September 1987 and entered into force on 1 January 1989. 

Therefore, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice economics environment pollution international efforts for conserving biodiversity effects of pollution on environment government efforts in pollution control

Global agreement in specific control strategies to reduce the release of ozone depleting substances was adopted by 

  1. The Vienna Convention

  2. Rio Janeiro Conference

  3. The Montreal Protocol

  4. The Koyoto Protocol
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The 'Montreal Protocol' on substances, that deplete the ozone layer was designed to reduce the production and consumption of ozone depleting substances in order to reduce their abundance in the atmosphere, and thereby protect the Earth's ozone layer.

Multiple choice economics environment pollution international efforts for conserving biodiversity effects of pollution on environment government efforts in pollution control

Montreal Protocol aims at

  1. Control of $CO _2$ emission

  2. Reduction of ozone depleting substances

  3. Biodiversity conservation

  4. Control of water pollution
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The 1987 Montreal Protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer is a landmark agreement that has successfully reduced the global production, consumption, and emissions of ozone-depleting substances (ODSs). The treaty is structured around several groups of halogenated hydrocarbons that have been shown to play a role in ozone depletion. All of these ozone depleting substances contain either chlorine or bromine.

Therefore, the correct answer is option B.