International Environmental Treaties

The United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) is an international agreement that aims to address the problem of desertification and land degradation in arid, semi-arid, and dry sub-humid areas.

The Paris Agreement is a landmark international agreement on climate change that was negotiated with the involvement of environmental NGOs.

The Paris Agreement aims to limit global warming to well below 2 degrees Celsius, preferably to 1.5 degrees Celsius, compared to pre-industrial levels. To achieve this, countries have committed to reducing their greenhouse gas emissions, including those from deforestation and forest degradation.

The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer is an international agreement designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production and consumption of ozone-depleting substances.

The Paris Agreement includes a mechanism called REDD+ (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation) that aims to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation.

Agenda 21 is a comprehensive plan of action adopted at the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) that aims to promote sustainable development.

The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Agreement is an international agreement that aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from international aviation. It sets global standards and targets for reducing emissions from aircraft and promotes the development of sustainable aviation fuels and technologies.

The International Maritime Organization (IMO) is the international organization responsible for coordinating efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from shipping. It sets global standards for reducing emissions from ships and promotes the development of more energy-efficient shipping practices.

The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) is an international agreement that aims to promote the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity, as well as the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from the use of genetic resources. It provides a framework for countries to develop national strategies and action plans for biodiversity conservation and sustainable use.

The Ramsar Convention is an international treaty that focuses on the conservation and wise use of wetlands, including mangrove ecosystems.

The United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) is an international agreement that specifically addresses the issue of desertification and promotes sustainable land management in arid, semi-arid, and dry sub-humid areas.

The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is an international environmental treaty adopted at the Rio Earth Summit in 1992. It sets out a framework for international cooperation to address climate change.

The Antarctic Treaty, signed in 1959, regulates human activity in Antarctica and designates the continent as a scientific preserve.

The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), adopted in 1992, is a legally binding international treaty that aims to conserve biodiversity, ensure the sustainable use of biological resources, and promote fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from the use of genetic resources.

The Convention on Migratory Species (CMS), also known as the Bonn Convention, aims to protect migratory species and their habitats by coordinating international efforts and promoting cooperation among range states.