English Grammar and Usage

 For two events which happened in the past, we use the past perfect tense with the previous event.

The phrase 'at present' indicates an action happening right now, requiring present continuous tense. 'Is reading' correctly shows ongoing present action.

Present perfect tense connects a past action to the present moment. 'Have you seen' asks about a past action with present relevance.

Past perfect tense shows an action completed before another past action. Losing the way happened before they had gone very far, so 'had lost' is correct.

First conditional expresses a possible future condition and its result. 'If it rains' (present) + 'you will get wet' (future) follows the correct pattern.

When referring to a past desire or intention, use simple past tense. The clause 'but he could not' shows past context, so 'wanted' is correct.

This is a conditional statement about an imaginary situation (I would be lying if I said...). In the if-clause with a counterfactual condition, we use 'would + be + -ing' to describe what would be happening. The phrase 'would be telling' correctly expresses the ongoing nature of telling a lie in this hypothetical scenario. Options like 'told' or 'had told' are simple forms that don't capture the continuous aspect of 'telling' in this context.

The action of waiting happened before and continued up to the point when the opportunity arrived. We use the past perfect continuous tense 'had been waiting' to show an action that started in the past and continued up to another point in the past. Simple past 'waited' doesn't convey the duration and ongoing nature of the waiting before this moment. The option 'was waited' is grammatically incorrect as it uses passive voice inappropriately.

This sentence describes a completed action in the past with no connection to the present. The simple past tense 'stole' is the correct form to express this. 'Has stolen' (present perfect) would connect the past to the present, which isn't appropriate here since there's no present relevance mentioned. 'Had stolen' (past perfect) would require another past event to establish a sequence, which isn't present in this standalone sentence.

This is a Type 2 conditional sentence expressing an imaginary or unlikely situation in the present (If I were a lion...). In such sentences, we use 'would + base verb' in the main clause, not 'will'. The correct form is 'would try' not 'will try'. 'Was trying' is past continuous for a real past situation, and 'am trying' is present continuous for a real present situation; neither fits this hypothetical context.

In time clauses referring to the future, we use the present simple tense, not future forms. The clause 'as soon as he gets a visa' uses present simple 'gets' even though it refers to a future event. 'Will get' is incorrect because we don't use future tenses in time clauses introduced by 'as soon as'. 'Got' (past) and 'had got' (past perfect) place the action in the wrong time frame.

The verb 'mind' is followed by a gerund (-ing form) when making requests. 'Would you mind lending' is the correct structure. We cannot use infinitive 'lend' after 'mind'. 'Is lending', 'was lending', and 'have lent' are all finite verb forms that don't work in this position after 'would you mind'. This is a fixed grammatical pattern for polite requests.

This is a Type 1 conditional sentence expressing a real possibility in the present (If he works hard...). In the main clause, we use 'will + base verb' to express the future result. 'Will pass' is correct. 'Passed' is simple past, 'was passed' is passive voice, and 'had passed' is past perfect; none of these fit the conditional structure that predicts a future outcome based on a present condition.

The sentence describes an action that was in progress at a specific moment in the past (last night). We use past continuous tense 'were playing' to show this ongoing action. 'Are playing' is present continuous for the present, 'played' is simple past for completed actions, and 'have played' is present perfect; none of these convey the simultaneous ongoing nature appropriate for 'when we went to see them' (past interruption of an ongoing activity).

The time marker 'last May' indicates a specific completed time in the past, so we use the simple past tense 'retired'. 'Is retired' suggests a current state, 'was retired' is passive voice (meaning someone forced him to retire), and 'has retired' connects to the present, all incorrect for a specific past time with no present connection.