English Grammar and Usage

A compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses, which are complete sentences on their own. By copulative compound sentences, we refer to those clauses which are mere additions to each other, as a part of a whole sentence. They do not affect each other in terms of meaning. Conjunctions that add such clauses include also, and, too and so on. From the options, B expresses an addition, "not only...but also" is a pair of coordinating conjunctions used to merely connect two clauses as an addition to each other. Hence B is correct. Option A and D contain simple sentences, hence they're incorrect.  Option C contains a pair of adversative clauses that express contrast "wanted to go", "sister didn't join", it does not contain cumulative clauses, hence C is incorrect.

A compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses, which are complete sentences on their own. Illative compound sentences contain clauses where one is inferred or deduced from another; for example, "There's someone in the hall for the light is on", where "for" is an Illative conjunction. From the given options, A contains Illative clauses, as "I shall stay back and finish it" is concluded or inferred from the clause "There's a lot of pending work". Hence A is correct. Option B is a complex sentence, which expresses reason and not inference, whereas the required sentence must be compound. Hence B is incorrect. In C, the sentence contains a copulative clause (using the conjunction "and") that gives additional information while D is a complex sentence that is conditional in nature. Hence options C and D are also incorrect.

A compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses, which are complete sentences on their own. Adversative compound sentences contain two ideas that contrast each other in meaning. The conjunctions used in such sentences include but, yet, still and so on. In option C the ideas "we're given only compound sentences" and "the question asks for a simple sentence" contrast each other, hence option C is correct. Option A expresses an addition, i.e., the ideas are merely connected, they are not related, hence A is incorrect. Option B expresses two alternatives in the negative and option D expresses inference. Hence they are not adversative and options B and D are incorrect.

A compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses, which are complete sentences on their own. Alternative compound sentences express a choice between two alternatives. Option B presents two alternate ideas, where one is the possible outcome of the other, hence 'otherwise' can connect these together and option B is correct. Option A does not present two alternate ideas, but states the events "snow...fall" and "roads...blocked" that happened one after the other, the latter being the result. Hence A is incorrect. Option C expresses two contrasting ideas and Option D contains two unrelated statements, that do not influence one another. Hence C and D are incorrect.

A complex sentence is made up of two or more clauses, where at least one of them should be independent, i.e., complete in meaning. The other clause(s) should be dependent; it should depend on the main/independent clause for its complete meaning. In option A, one clause "than I am" is dependent on the main clause "Sarah is better at Physics" for its full meaning. Hence A is a complex sentence. In B, the sentence is compound, as both the clauses are independent, "Ganesh took the keys" and "(Ganesh) went for a midnight drive". They are connected by the coordinating conjunction "and". Hence B is incorrect. Option C is a simple sentence, it contains one clause, hence it's the incorrect option. Option D is also a simple sentence, with one clause in it, hence D is also incorrect.

A compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses, which are complete sentences on their own. Alternative compound sentences express a choice between two alternatives. From the options given, A contains an alternative compound sentence in the negative sense; "neither...nor" is used when there are two alternate ideas and none are chosen. Hence A is correct. Option B is a complex sentence and does not present alternatives. It is spoken in the context of time ("before she leaves"), hence B is incorrect. Option C contains a cumulative compound sentence and option D is a complex sentence expressing a purpose. Hence options C and D are incorrect.

A complex sentence is made up of two or more clauses, where at least one of them should be independent, i.e., complete in meaning. The other clause/clauses should be dependent; it should depend on the main/independent clause for its complete meaning.
The given sentence is a comparison sentence which contains one main clause. "The house is smaller" is the main clause, since it can stand as a sentence on its own; it does not require the other clause for its complete meaning. (Since it's a comparison sentence the clauses are more dependent on each other, and the comparative adjective 'small' is changed to "smaller" in relation to the clause that follows.) Hence option A is correct.
Option B contains a fragment of the main clause as well as the subordinate clause. It cannot form a clause of its own, hence B is incorrect.
Option C contains the subordinate/dependent clause; it cannot stand on its own as a sentence, hence it is incorrect.
Option D is incorrect because the answer lies in A.

A compound sentence has at least two independent clauses joined together by coordinating conjunctions like "and". Here the clauses are "the..high" and "the birds...sing". These are joined together by the coordinating conjunction "And". Hence, Option A is correct. The rest of the options do not adhere to the goal, hence incorrect.

Principal clauses form a complete sentence and can stand alone without any extra information. Here "Lizzie realised" makes a complete independent sentence, hence Option A is correct. The rest of the options do not adhere to the goal, hence incorrect. 

A compound sentence has at least two independent clauses. Here the two clauses are, "she...cinema" and "she...mal". Hence, Option D is correct. The rest of the options do not correctly denote the sentence, hence incorrect. 

A compound sentence has at least two independent clauses. Here the two clauses are, "the signal turned green" and "the...move". Hence, Option A is correct. The rest of the options do not correctly denote the sentence, hence incorrect. 

A compound sentence has at least two independent clauses. Here the two clauses are, "he wept" and "she...handkerchief". Hence, Option D is correct. The rest of the options do not correctly denote the sentence, hence incorrect. 

Principal clauses form a complete sentence and can stand alone without any extra information. Here "I told him" makes a complete independent sentence, hence Option B is correct. The rest of the options do not adhere to the goal, hence incorrect. 

Principal clauses form a complete sentence and can stand alone without any extra information. Here "Joe and Martha stayed indoors" makes a complete independent sentence, hence Option C is correct. The rest of the options do not adhere to the goal, hence incorrect. 

A compound sentence has at least two independent clauses. Here the two clauses are, "she...home" and "flung...open". Hence, Option B is correct. The rest of the options do not correctly denote the sentence, hence incorrect.