Biology

Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders

674 Questions

Endocrine and metabolic disorders focus on diseases caused by hormonal imbalances, such as goitre, diabetes mellitus, and hyperthyroidism. Test takers will find questions related to disease causes, diagnostic tests like Cushing's syndrome indicators, and clinical treatments. This is a crucial biology topic frequently asked in medical entrance and public service commission examinations.

Thyroid gland disordersGoitre causesDiabetes mellitus characteristicsHyperthyroidism treatmentsGrowth hormone deficiency

Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders Questions

Multiple choice

When is insulin therapy typically initiated in the treatment of neonatal hyperglycemia?

  1. When blood sugar levels exceed 150 mg/dL

  2. When blood sugar levels exceed 200 mg/dL

  3. When blood sugar levels exceed 250 mg/dL

  4. When blood sugar levels exceed 300 mg/dL
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Insulin therapy is typically initiated when blood sugar levels exceed 250 mg/dL in neonates.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is a potential complication of neonatal hyperglycemia?

  1. Hypoglycemia

  2. Seizures

  3. Neurological damage

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Neonatal hyperglycemia can lead to a number of complications, including hypoglycemia, seizures, neurological damage, and long-term health problems.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is a risk factor for the development of neonatal hyperglycemia?

  1. Large for gestational age (LGA)

  2. Prematurity

  3. Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR)

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

All of the above are risk factors for the development of neonatal hyperglycemia.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is a potential adverse effect of insulin therapy in neonates?

  1. Hypoglycemia

  2. Hyperkalemia

  3. Hypomagnesemia

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

All of the above are potential adverse effects of insulin therapy in neonates.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is a long-term complication of neonatal hyperglycemia?

  1. Type 1 diabetes

  2. Type 2 diabetes

  3. Obesity

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

All of the above are long-term complications of neonatal hyperglycemia.

Multiple choice

What is gout?

  1. A type of arthritis that is caused by a buildup of uric acid in the joints

  2. A degenerative joint disease that occurs when the protective cartilage that cushions the ends of bones wears down over time

  3. An autoimmune disease that causes inflammation of the joints

  4. A type of arthritis that is caused by a bacterial infection
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Gout is a type of arthritis that is caused by a buildup of uric acid in the joints.

Multiple choice

What is the most common cause of hormonal erectile dysfunction?

  1. Low testosterone

  2. High prolactin

  3. Cushing's syndrome

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Low testosterone is the most common cause of hormonal erectile dysfunction.

Multiple choice

What is the most common type of Pituitary Tumor?

  1. Prolactinoma

  2. Acromegaly

  3. Cushing's disease

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Prolactinoma is the most common type of Pituitary Tumor, accounting for about 40% of all cases.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is a symptom of Cushing's disease?

  1. Weight gain

  2. High blood pressure

  3. Diabetes

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Weight gain, high blood pressure, and diabetes are all symptoms of Cushing's disease.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is a risk factor for developing Neuroendocrine Tumors?

  1. Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1

  2. Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome

  3. Tuberous sclerosis complex

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1, Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome, and Tuberous sclerosis complex are all risk factors for developing Neuroendocrine Tumors.

Multiple choice

Which chronic disease is most commonly managed using continuous glucose monitors (CGMs)?

  1. Type 1 diabetes

  2. Type 2 diabetes

  3. Gestational diabetes

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

CGMs are primarily used for monitoring glucose levels in individuals with diabetes, including type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes.

Multiple choice

What is the most common cause of Cushing's syndrome?

  1. Pituitary adenoma

  2. Adrenal adenoma

  3. Ectopic ACTH production

  4. Iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Pituitary adenomas are the most common cause of Cushing's syndrome, accounting for approximately 70% of cases.

Multiple choice

What are the clinical manifestations of Cushing's syndrome?

  1. Central obesity

  2. Moon face

  3. Buffalo hump

  4. Striae

  5. Hirsutism

  6. Hypertension

  7. Diabetes mellitus

  8. Osteoporosis

  9. Muscle weakness

  10. Easy bruising

  11. Delayed wound healing

  12. Mood changes

  13. Cognitive impairment
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
Correct answer
Explanation

Cushing's syndrome can cause a wide range of clinical manifestations, including central obesity, moon face, buffalo hump, striae, hirsutism, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis, muscle weakness, easy bruising, delayed wound healing, mood changes, and cognitive impairment.

Multiple choice

What is the biochemical hallmark of Cushing's syndrome?

  1. Increased cortisol levels

  2. Decreased ACTH levels

  3. Increased ACTH levels

  4. Decreased cortisol levels
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The biochemical hallmark of Cushing's syndrome is increased cortisol levels.

Multiple choice

What is the treatment of choice for Cushing's syndrome caused by a pituitary adenoma?

  1. Transsphenoidal surgery

  2. Adrenalectomy

  3. Medical therapy

  4. Radiation therapy
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The treatment of choice for Cushing's syndrome caused by a pituitary adenoma is transsphenoidal surgery.