Biology

Endocrine and Exocrine Glands

690 Questions

The endocrine and exocrine glands topic explores the human body's essential secreting structures, including the pituitary, thyroid, and salivary glands. Questions often focus on gland locations, their specific secretions, and crucial physiological functions. This subject is a core component of the general science syllabus across many highly competitive examinations.

Master endocrine glandsPituitary gland locationSalivary gland functionsThyroid and ductless glandsApocrine sweat glands

Endocrine and Exocrine Glands Questions

Multiple choice biology coordination - the linking system nervous systems involved in emotions types of nervous system components of nervous system

Due to stimulation of sympathetic nervous-system?

  1. Tear secretion increases

  2. Saliva secretion decreases

  3. Sweat secretion increases

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The Sympathetic Nervous System manifests 'fight or flight' responses. It decreases the tear secretion and saliva secretion but increases sweat secretion. The parasympathetic nervous system increases tear secretion and saliva secretion.

Hence, the correct answer is 'sweat secretion increases'.

Multiple choice zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination gastrointestinal tract and liver hormones of heart, kidney, liver and gastrointestinal tract coordination in human beings- chemical control

Which part of body secretes the hormone secretin?

  1. Stomach

  2. Oesophagus

  3. Illeum

  4. Duodenum
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

When food leaves the stomach through its pyloric end and enters the duodenum it is called chyme (acidic). The $HCI$ of chyme stimulates the wall of duodenum to secrete hormones. It secretes various hormones, example secretin, which is the most important hormone of digestive tract and is released by duodenum. This hormone stimulates pancreas for synthesis and secretion of non enzymatic part of pancreatic juice. It also stimulates liver for secretion of bile juice and inhibit the gastric acid secretion in stomach and reduces rate of contraction of stomach.

Multiple choice zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination gastrointestinal tract and liver hormones of heart, kidney, liver and gastrointestinal tract coordination in human beings- chemical control

Enteroendocrine glands are present in 

  1. Stomach

  2. Intestine

  3. Oesophagus

  4. Both A and B
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
Enteroendocrine glands are the endocrine glands present in gastrointestinal tract. Endocrine glands secrete their products directly into the blood stream. For example, cholecystokinin is secreted from duodenum (part of small intestine) and stimulates the contraction of gall bladder to release bile juice and also stimulates secretion of pancreatic juice. An example of hormone secreted from enteroendocrine gland in stomach is gastrin which stimulates secretion of gastric juice.
Hence, both options A and B are correct.
So, the correct answer is 'Both A and B'.
Multiple choice

Which salivary gland is located beneath the tongue and produces a viscous, mucin-rich saliva?

  1. Parotid gland

  2. Submandibular gland

  3. Sublingual gland

  4. Minor salivary glands
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The sublingual gland is responsible for producing a viscous, mucin-rich saliva that contributes to the lubrication and protection of the oral mucosa.

Multiple choice

Which salivary gland is the largest and produces a serous, watery saliva?

  1. Parotid gland

  2. Submandibular gland

  3. Sublingual gland

  4. Minor salivary glands
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The parotid gland is the largest salivary gland and produces a serous, watery saliva that is rich in enzymes, including amylase and lipase.

Multiple choice

Which salivary gland is located below the mandible and produces a mixed saliva containing both serous and mucous components?

  1. Parotid gland

  2. Submandibular gland

  3. Sublingual gland

  4. Minor salivary glands
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The submandibular gland produces a mixed saliva that contains both serous and mucous components, contributing to both lubrication and digestion in the mouth.

Multiple choice

Which salivary gland is responsible for producing the majority of the saliva in the mouth?

  1. Parotid gland

  2. Submandibular gland

  3. Sublingual gland

  4. Minor salivary glands
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The parotid gland is responsible for producing approximately 60-70% of the total saliva in the mouth.

Multiple choice

Which salivary gland is located on the floor of the mouth and produces a saliva rich in bicarbonate ions?

  1. Parotid gland

  2. Submandibular gland

  3. Sublingual gland

  4. Minor salivary glands
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The submandibular gland produces a saliva rich in bicarbonate ions, which helps to neutralize acids in the mouth and maintain a neutral pH.

Multiple choice

Which salivary gland is responsible for producing saliva that is high in immunoglobulin A (IgA)?

  1. Parotid gland

  2. Submandibular gland

  3. Sublingual gland

  4. Minor salivary glands
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The minor salivary glands, particularly the labial and palatal glands, are responsible for producing saliva that is high in immunoglobulin A (IgA), an important antibody that helps protect the oral cavity from infections.

Multiple choice

Which salivary gland is located behind the mandible and produces a saliva rich in potassium and chloride ions?

  1. Parotid gland

  2. Submandibular gland

  3. Sublingual gland

  4. Minor salivary glands
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The parotid gland produces a saliva rich in potassium and chloride ions, contributing to the electrolyte balance in the mouth.

Multiple choice

Which salivary gland is responsible for producing saliva that is high in salivary amylase?

  1. Parotid gland

  2. Submandibular gland

  3. Sublingual gland

  4. Minor salivary glands
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The parotid gland produces saliva that is high in salivary amylase, an enzyme that plays a crucial role in the digestion of carbohydrates.

Multiple choice

What is the term for the thymus gland of an animal used as food?

  1. Sweetbreads

  2. Pancreas

  3. Islets of Langerhans

  4. Exocrine Pancreas
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Sweetbreads are the thymus glands or pancreas of an animal and are often used in pâté and other dishes.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is NOT a type of endocrine surgery?

  1. Thyroidectomy

  2. Parathyroidectomy

  3. Adrenalectomy

  4. Pancreatectomy
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Pancreatectomy is a surgical procedure to remove all or part of the pancreas. It is not a type of endocrine surgery because the pancreas is not an endocrine gland.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is a type of endocrine surgery that is performed through the mouth?

  1. Thyroidectomy

  2. Parathyroidectomy

  3. Adrenalectomy

  4. Transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy (TOET)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy (TOET) is a type of endocrine surgery that is performed through the mouth. It is used to remove the thyroid gland.