Environmental Studies · Biology

Ecology and Biodiversity

1,739 Questions

Ecology and biodiversity are vital topics in environmental studies, covering ecosystem structures, species diversity, and environmental impacts. These concepts are frequently tested in competitive examinations for civil services and state selections. The questions cover carrying capacity, ecological succession, and conservation fundamentals.

Species richness measurementTypes of ecological diversityBiome distribution factorsCarrying capacity conceptEcosystem servicesEnvironmental Impact Assessment

Ecology and Biodiversity Questions

Multiple choice evs animal- the base of our life diversity in the living world environmental conservation and biodiversity biodiversity on earth and in india

Biodiversity consists of variety of

  1. Plants

  2. Animals

  3. Organisms

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The different variety of life forms is known as biodiversity which includes plants, animals and microorganisms where they interact with each other and maintain the ecosystem. Thus, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice evs animal- the base of our life diversity in the living world environmental conservation and biodiversity biodiversity on earth and in india

Alpha diversity is biodiversity present

  1. Within community

  2. Between community

  3. Ranges of communities

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The local species pool is known as alpha diversity. It is also the diversity present within the community. Beta diversity is the diversity present between the communities. The diversity present in the ranges of communities is known as Gamma diversity.

So, the correct answer is 'Within community'.

Multiple choice evs animal- the base of our life diversity in the living world environmental conservation and biodiversity biodiversity on earth and in india

Biodiversity is determined by

  1. Number of individuals in an area

  2. Species richness

  3. Evenness

  4. Both B and C
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The variety and variability of living organisms (both plants and animals) are known as biodiversity. The variation measured by biodiversity is at the genetic, species, and ecosystem level. Species richness and evenness are major factors determining biodiversity. Tropics have the highest biodiversity.

So, the correct answer is 'Both B and C'.

Multiple choice evs animal- the base of our life diversity in the living world environmental conservation and biodiversity biodiversity on earth and in india

Variety of life forms, expressed as a number of species in an area, known as

  1. Biodiversity

  2. Ecological Diversity

  3. Ecosystem

  4. All of Above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The variety of life forms expressed as the number of species in a specific area is the definition of species diversity, which is a component of biodiversity.

Multiple choice evs animal- the base of our life diversity in the living world environmental conservation and biodiversity biodiversity on earth and in india

Given below are a few statements related to biodiversity. Pick those that are correctly related to biodiversity 
(a)  Biodiversity refers to the different species of flora and fauna present in an area.
(b)  Biodiversity refers to only the flora of a given area.
(c)  Biodiversity is greater in a forest.
(d)  Biodiversity refers to the total number of individuals of a particular species living in an area.
Which of the above statements are correct?

  1. (a) and (b)

  2. (b) and (d)

  3. (a) and (c)

  4. (b) and (c)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
Biodiversity refers to the variety of life. It is seen in the number of species in an ecosystem or on the entire Earth. Biodiversity gets used as a measure of the health of biological systems, and to see if there is a danger that too many species become extinct. It includes the variety in both, flora and fauna.
Forests are biodiversity hotspots. They are areas rich in biodiversity which are also the most threatened ones due to a high degree of exploitation and human interference.
Multiple choice evs animal- the base of our life diversity in the living world environmental conservation and biodiversity biodiversity on earth and in india

Biodiversity of any given geographical region represents 

  1. The diversity in the organisms living in that region.

  2. The diversity in the organisms living in that region and regions nearby it.

  3. Endangered species found in the region.

  4. Genetic diversity present in the dominant species of the region.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Biodiversity is the existence of a wide variety of plant and animal species in their natural environments, which is the aim of conservationists concerned about the indiscriminate destruction of rainforests and other habitats. Biodiversity is the degree of variation of life. It is a measure of the variety of organisms present in different ecosystems. This can refer to genetic variation, ecosystem variation, or species variation (number of species) within an area, biome, or planet. 

Thus, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice evs animal- the base of our life diversity in the living world environmental conservation and biodiversity biodiversity on earth and in india

The total number of species of plants, animals and microorganisms living on the Earth is called as

  1. Biodiversity

  2. Flora

  3. Fauna

  4. Ecosystem
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Biodiversity is the term given to the variety of life on Earth. It is the variety within and between all species of plants, animals and micro-organisms and the ecosystems within which they live and interact. Thus, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice evs animal- the base of our life diversity in the living world environmental conservation and biodiversity biodiversity on earth and in india

The term alpha diversity refers to 

  1. Genetic diversity

  2. Community and ecosystem diversity

  3. Species diversity

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Whittaker's idea was that the total species diversity in a landscape is the gamma diversity and is determined by two different things, the mean species diversity in sites or habitats at a more local scale is an alpha diversity and the differentiation among those habitats is the beta diversity. 

Alpha diversity was defined by Whittaker (1972) as the species richness of a place. However, the practical development of this concept led to redefine the alpha diversity on the basis of the structure of the community. 
Thus, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice evs animal- the base of our life diversity in the living world environmental conservation and biodiversity biodiversity on earth and in india

Given below are a few statements related to biodiversity. Pick those that correctly describe the concept of biodiversity.

  1. Biodiversity refers to the different species of flora and fauna present in an area

  2. Biodiversity is greater in a forest

  3. Biodiversity refers to the total number of individuals of a particular species living in an area

  4. Both A and B

Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Biodiversity refers to the different species of flora and fauna present in an area. It is a term coined to describe the immense variety and richness of life on this planet. The word was coined in 1985 and during the 1990s has become very widely used in the scientific circles. So, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice evs animal- the base of our life diversity in the living world environmental conservation and biodiversity biodiversity on earth and in india

The term biodiversity implies only to organisms living in/on

  1. Land

  2. Forest

  3. Water

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The term biodiversity means all life forms present all over the world, it implies to all organisms whether they live on land and water. Thus the correct answer is option D. 

Multiple choice evs animal- the base of our life diversity in the living world environmental conservation and biodiversity biodiversity on earth and in india

The term alpha diversity refers to

  1. Genetic diversity

  2. Community and ecosystem diversity

  3. Species diversity

  4. Diversity among the plants
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
Alpha diversity, present within community diversity is a species diversity in a given community or habitat and is dependent upon species richness and evenness. There is a lot of competition, adjustments and interrelationships amongst members of the same community
So, the correct answer is 'Community and ecosystem diversity'
Multiple choice evs animal- the base of our life diversity in the living world environmental conservation and biodiversity biodiversity on earth and in india

Which is accepted by researchers as a level of biodiversity?

I.   Species biodiversity
II.  Genetic biodiversity 
III. Ecosystem biodiversity 

  1. I only

  2. II onIy

  3. I and II only

  4. II and III only

  5. I, II and III
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation

  • Researchers have accepted three levels of biodiversity, namely genetic biodiversity, species biodiversity, and ecosystem biodiversity. All three levels are interrelated.
  • Genetic diversity includes variety at the level of genes. It is measured at various levels like population, species, community, and biome.
  • Species diversity includes variety in the species. It is the easiest method of studying diversity. Each species has a particular role in the ecosystem.
  • Ecosystem diversity includes diversity that deals with species distribution, community patterns, the role of key species and species interactions.
     
Thus, the correct answer is option E.

Multiple choice evs animal- the base of our life diversity in the living world environmental conservation and biodiversity biodiversity on earth and in india

Assertion : Diversity observed in the entire geographical area is called as gamma diversity.

Reason : Biodiversity decreases from high altitude to low altitude.

  1. Both the Assertion and the Reason are true and the Reason is a correct explanation of the Assertion.

  2. Both the Assertion and the Reason are true but the Reason is not a correct explanation of the Assertion.

  3. The Assertion is true but the Reason is false

  4. Both the Assertion and Reason are false.

  5. The Assertion is false but Reason is true.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Community and ecosystem diversity is of three types- alpha, beta and gamma. 

Alpha diversity is the species diversity in a given community or habitat, alpha diversity is dependent upon species richness and evenness or equitability. 
Beta diversity is biodiversity, which appears in a range of communities due to the replacement of species with the change in community or habitat due to the presence of different micro-habitats, niches and difference in environment conditions. 
Gamma diversity is diversity present in ranges of communities as represented by the diversity of habitats or ecosystems over a total landscape or geographical area. 
Biodiversity is not uniform on the Earth. It varies with the change in latitude or altitude. 
Biodiversity increase, when we move from high to low latitude (i.e., from the poles to the equator)
Thus, the correct answer is option C.

Multiple choice evs animal- the base of our life diversity in the living world environmental conservation and biodiversity biodiversity on earth and in india

Given below are a few statements related to biodiversity. Pick those that correctly describe the concept of biodiversity.
(i) Biodiversity refers to the different species of flora and fauna present in an area.
(ii) Biodiversity refers to only the flora of a given area.
(iii) Biodiversity is greater in a forest.
(iv) Biodiversity refers to the total number of individuals of a particular species living in an area.

  1. (i) and (ii)

  2. (ii) and (iv)

  3. (i) and (iii)

  4. (ii) and (iii)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Biodiversity refers to the different species of flora and fauna present in an area. The forest has a wide variety of flora and fauna which flourishes widely in the given area and are a rich source of biodiversity. Biodiversity is not concerned with a particular species .

So, the correct answer is option C.