Biology · General Awareness

Disease Vectors and Pathogens

844 Questions

Disease vectors and pathogens examine how organisms like Plasmodium and Leishmania transmit infections. Test items require matching vectors to specific diseases. Studying these life cycles is essential for scoring well.

Plasmodium infective stagesDisease transmission modesDisease vectors and fleasIntracellular parasitesElephantiasis causes

Disease Vectors and Pathogens Questions

Multiple choice

Blood spills on the floor are cleaned by

  1. sodium hypochlorite

  2. iodine

  3. absolute alcohol

  4. quarternary ammonium compounds
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Sodium hypochlorite is the recommended disinfectant for cleaning blood spills because it is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial effective against bloodborne pathogens including HBV and HIV. It's inexpensive, readily available, and acts quickly. Iodine is not typically used for environmental decontamination of blood. Absolute alcohol is not effective against all bloodborne pathogens. Quaternary ammonium compounds may not be effective against certain viruses and are not the first choice for blood spills.

Multiple choice

In Kala-azar, which one of the following is vector?

  1. Flea

  2. Tsetse fly

  3. Sand fly

  4. Mite

Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Kala-azar (Visceral Leishmaniasis) is transmitted by the bite of an infected female sand fly (Phlebotomus argentipes in India). Fleas transmit plague, tsetse flies transmit sleeping sickness (trypanosomiasis), and mites transmit scrub typhus.

Multiple choice

Assertion (A): Lysozyme is an antibacterial enzyme. Reason (R): The enzyme lysozyme kills bacteria by hydrolysing the (β1 → 4) glycosidic bond between N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid.

Directions: In the following question, there are two statements: Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Consider both the statements independently and mark your answer as  

1. if A and R both are correct and R is correct explanation of A 
2. if A and R both are correct and R is not correct explanation of A 
3. if A is correct and R is incorrect 
4. if A is incorrect and R is correct 
5. if A and R both are incorrect

  1. 1

  2. 2

  3. 3

  4. 4

  5. 5
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Both assertion and reason statements are correct.

Multiple choice

The infective stage of malarial parasite is

  1. metacryptozoite

  2. cryptozoite

  3. schizont

  4. sporozoite
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The sporozoite is the infectious form of the malaria parasite (Plasmodium) that enters the human body when an infected female Anopheles mosquito takes a blood meal. From the bloodstream, sporozoites travel to the liver to begin the next stage of their life cycle.

Multiple choice

Infection by which of the following parasites leads to blindness?

  1. Loa-Loa

  2. Onchocerca volvulus

  3. Thelazia callipaeda

  4. Baylisascaris procyonis
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Onchocerca volvulus infection leads to blindness. It is the main cause of river blindness in Africa and is transmitted by the black fly. It forms nodules in the head.

Multiple choice

Which of the following statements about Trichinella is false?

  1. Trichinella is known as the smallest human nematode parasite.

  2. Trichinella is the largest of all intracellular parasites.

  3. Only the non-encapsulated groups of Trichinella infect the mammalian host.

  4. Trichinella infections are treated by mebendazole.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

This is wrong. Only the encapsulated groups of Trichinella infect the mammalian host.

Multiple choice

Match the parasitic trematodes with their common names ||| |---|---| |Trematode|Common name| |1. Clonorchis sinensis|a. Sheep liver fluke| |2. Fasciola hepatica|b. Lung fluke| |3. Fasciolopsis buski|c. Chinese liver fluke| |4. Paragonimus westermani|d. Giant intestinal fluke|
  1. 1. Clonorchis sinensis b. Lung fluke
    2. Fasciola hepatica d. Giant intestinal fluke
    3. Fasciolopsis buski a. Sheep liver fluke
    4. Paragonimus westerman c. Chinese liver fluke
  2. 1. Clonorchis sinensis d. Giant intestinal fluke
    2. Fasciola hepatica c. Chinese liver fluke
    3. Fasciolopsis buski a. Sheep liver fluke
    4. Paragonimus westerman b. Lung fluke
  3. 1. Clonorchis sinensis c. Chinese liver fluke
    2. Fasciola hepatica a. Sheep liver fluke
    3. Fasciolopsis buski d. Giant intestinal fluke
    4. Paragonimus westerman b. Lung fluke
  4. 1. Clonorchis sinensis d. Giant intestinal fluke
    2. Fasciola hepatica b. Lung fluke
    3. Fasciolopsis buski c. Chinese liver fluke
    4. Paragonimus westerman a. Sheep liver fluke
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Clonorchis sinensis is Chinese liver fluke which causes serum sickness disease. Fasciola hepatica is sheep liver fluke which causes asymptomatic fever. Fasciolopsis buski is giant intestinal fluke which may cause abdominal pain and diarrhoea. Paragonimus westerman is lung fluke which may cause tuberculosis-like symptoms.

Multiple choice

Find the odd one out.

  1. Guineaworm

  2. Hookworm

  3. Ringworm

  4. Tapeworm
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Ringworm is the odd one out because it is a fungal infection (dermatophytosis), not a worm. Guineaworm, Hookworm, and Tapeworm are all actual parasitic worms (helminths) that infect humans. The name 'ringworm' is misleading - it's caused by fungi, not parasitic worms.