Disease Vectors and Pathogens

Dracunculus medinensis is the Guinea worm, not a filarial worm (which are typically Wuchereria species). The other pairs are correctly matched.

Kala-azar (visceral leishmaniasis) is a disease caused by Leishmania parasites, which are transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected sand-fly.

This option is correct because causative agents of all these diseases are carried by insects.

 Parasite is an organism that lives on or in an organism of another species, known as the host, from the body of which it obtains nutriment. Nutrition in the causative agent of malaria is parasitic.

 Sleeping sickness is caused by two germs (protozoa), Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and Trypanosomoa brucei gambiense . The more severe form of the illness is caused by T. b. rhodesiense .

 Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), also known as kala-azar, black fever, and Dumdum fever, is the most severe form of leishmaniasis. Leishmaniasis is a disease caused by protozoan parasites of the Leishmania genus.

 Leucorrhoea, also known as vaginal discharge is a very common condition that has been experienced by most women of all ages, at some time or the other. Leucorrhoea is cuased by trichomonads, a group of parasitic protozoan specifically Trichomonas vaginalis.

This is the correct option. Amoebiasis is a parasitic disease of domestic animals that can be transmitted to human beings.

Dengue is caused by a virus while malaria is caused by a protozoan. Aedes mosquito - dengue and Anopheles mosquito - malaria, are vectors for these diseases.

 Francisella tularensis is the causative agent of tularemia. Primary reservoirs are rabbits, hares and ticks. Man most commonly acquires tularemia via insect bites (ticks primarily, but also deer flies, mites, blackflies, or mosquitoes) or by handling infected animal tissues.  

Yellow fever is a viral disease primarily transmitted by the bite of infected Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. The other options are not standard medical terms for mosquito-borne illnesses.

This is the correct option.

Leucorrhea is caused due to a flagellated protozoan parasite Trichomonas vaginalis.

Rice water stool is a classic clinical manifestation of cholera, caused by the Vibrio cholerae bacterium, leading to severe dehydration.

Splenomegaly (enlargement of the spleen) is a common clinical finding in malaria due to the destruction of infected red blood cells and the immune response.