Disease Causative Agents

Avian influenza is also known as bird flu. It is an infection caused by avian (bird) influenza (flu) viruses. These viruses occur naturally among wild birds worldwide in their intestines, but they do not get sick . It is very contagious among birds including domestic birds eg. chickens, ducks & turkeys and kill them. Virus are excreted from infected birds in their saliva, nasal secretions, & feces. Birds including domestic ones become infected through direct contact with other infected poultry, or through contact with infected surfaces (such as dirt or cages) or materials (such as water or feed).

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a tick-borne disease caused by the arbovirus Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV), which is a member of the Nairovirus genus (family Bunyaviridae).

Coxsackieviruses belongs to a group of viruses called enteroviruses. Coxsackieviruses were first isolated in suckling mice from the faeces of two children suffering from a poliomyelitis-like syndrome in the town of Coxsackie, New York.

The Arenaviridae are a family of viruses whose members are generally associated with rodent-transmitted disease in humans. Arenaviruses are round, oval, or pleomorphic with a range in size between 100 to 130 nm. They are enveloped particles, and the envelop contains club-shaped projections at its surface.

Lymphocytic choriomeningitis, or LCM, is a rodent-borne viral infectious disease that presents as aseptic meningitis (inflammation of the membrane, or meninges, that surrounds the brain and spinal cord), encephalitis (inflammation of the brain), or meningoencephalitis (inflammation of both the brain and meninges).

All of the above are the cattle diseases.

West Nile virus (WNV) is a virus of the family Flaviviridae. It mainly infects birds, but is known to infect humans, horses, dogs, cats, bats, chipmunks, skunks, squirrels, domestic rabbits, crocodiles and alligators.

Pseudorabies is a viral disease in swine that is endemic in most parts of the world. It is caused by porcine herpesvirus 1, which is also called pseudorabies virus (PRV) or suid herpesvirus-1 (SHV-1) and is also known as Aujeszky's disease, and in cattle as mad itch.

Pertussis or whooping cough is a respiratory infection caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis. The illness frequently begins with cold-like symptoms but evolves into a severe cough in roughly seven to 14 days. Pneumonia and infection of the brain may develop as complications of whooping cough.

Tetanus, also known as lockjaw, is a serious but preventable disease that affects the body's muscles and nerves. It typically arises from a skin wound that becomes contaminated by a bacterium called Clostridium tetani, which is often found in soil.

Leptospirosis is also known as Weil's syndrome, .It is a disease caused by infection with bacteria of the genus Leptospira that affects humans as well as other mammals, birds, amphibians, and reptiles.

Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome (WFS) or hemorrhagic adrenalitis is a disease of the adrenal glands most commonly caused by the bacterium Neisseria meningitidis. The infection leads to massive hemorrhage into one or (usually) both adrenal glands.

Shigella is a genus of Gram-negative, nonspore forming, rod-shaped bacteria closely related to Escherichia coli and Salmonella. It is only naturally found in humans and apes. During infection, it typically causes dysentery.

Gonorrhea is a common sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae. The usual symptoms in men are burning with urination and penile discharge.

Corynebacterium diphtheriae is a pathogenic bacterium that causes diphtheria. It is also known as the Klebs-Lِffler bacillus, because it was discovered in 1884 by German bacteriologists Edwin Klebs (1834 - 1912) and Friedrich Lِffler (1852 - 1915).