Computer Networks

FTP stands for File Transfer Protocol, which is a standard network protocol used to transfer computer files from one host to another over a TCP-based network, such as the internet.

Port 80 is the default network port used for unencrypted HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) web traffic. This allows web browsers to request and receive web pages from servers over the internet.

NIC stands for Network Interface Card, which is a hardware component (either an expansion card or integrated into the motherboard) that allows a computer to connect to a network.

TCP, IP, and HTTP are all standard, widely used communication protocols in networking. OP is not a standard networking protocol.

WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) and WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access) are security protocols designed to secure wireless networks by encrypting data transmitted over the air. They ensure that unauthorized users cannot easily intercept and read wireless network traffic.

tracert is the Windows command that displays the route (path) packets take to a destination by showing each hop along the way. traceroute is the Unix/Linux equivalent. ping only tests if a host is reachable without showing the route.

A dynamic IP address is temporarily assigned to a device from a pool of available addresses each time it connects to the network. In contrast, a static IP address remains constant and does not change between sessions.

Data transmitted over computer networks is broken down into small blocks called packets. These packets travel independently across the network and are reassembled into the original data once they reach their destination.

The Network Layer (Layer 3 of the OSI model) is responsible for logical addressing and determining the best path for data to travel across interconnected networks, which is known as routing.

The Network Layer uses logical addresses, specifically IP addresses, to identify devices and route data packets across different networks.

In the OSI model, data is encapsulated into 'packets' at the Network Layer (Layer 3). Frames are used at Layer 2, and segments are used at Layer 4.

IP (Internet Protocol), ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol), and IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol) are all fundamental protocols that operate at the Network Layer.

The Network Layer is responsible for managing logical network addressing and subnetting, which allows for the efficient organization and routing of data within a network.

In the standard 7-layer OSI model, Layer 1 is Physical, Layer 2 is Data Link, and Layer 3 is the Network Layer.

UDP (User Datagram Protocol) is connectionless and fast, but it is not reliable because it does not guarantee delivery, ordering, or error recovery.