Computer Networks

Classic Ethernet (10Base5 and 10Base2) was originally designed using a bus topology where all devices shared a single communication medium. While modern switched Ethernet uses star topology, the fundamental definition of Ethernet is historically linked to bus.

Communication satellites are the most efficient way to connect computers over very large, wide geographical areas (WANs) because they bypass the need for physical cabling across vast distances or difficult terrain.

The S-100 bus is a well-known early computer bus standard that utilized 100 parallel lines for communication between components.

A network is a collection of interconnected computers and devices that share resources, such as printers or files, within a specific area.

The Internet is defined as a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the Internet protocol suite to link devices worldwide.

Voicemail systems are specifically designed to record, store, and forward spoken audio messages for later retrieval by the recipient.

A modem is used to connect to a Wide Area Network (WAN) or the internet, typically via telephone or cable lines. Local Area Networks (LANs) typically use switches, hubs, or routers for internal connectivity.

Mesh topology provides highest reliability.

The local loop, or the last mile connection between a subscriber and the central office, has historically and predominantly used copper twisted pair wiring for telephone services.

A mesh topology is characterized by connections between nodes where every node may be connected to every other node, allowing for multiple paths and bi-directional communication.

An example of full duplex transmission is telnet.

ARPANET was one of the first networks to implement dynamic routing, where the path taken by packets could change based on network conditions.

Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) is a common error-detecting code used in digital networks and storage devices to detect accidental changes to raw data.

 Internet is evolved from ARPANET.