Computer Networks

Wide Area Networks (WANs) cover large areas and utilize a variety of transmission media, including telephone lines, satellite links, and microwave relays, to connect distant networks.

Connecting multiple personal computers together allows them to share resources and data, creating a computer network.

An interface serves as the point of interaction or communication between two distinct systems or sub-systems, allowing data or control to pass between them.

Connectionless service is like a postal system where each message is independent and carries full destination address. No prior connection setup is needed; each message is treated separately.

Connection-oriented service is like a telephone system where a connection must be established before communication. The connection is maintained throughout the conversation.

Datagram services, such as UDP, are connectionless and do not provide reliability guarantees like error correction or retransmission. They are designed for speed rather than guaranteed delivery.

Electronic junk mail (email) is typically sent as individual, independent messages. Datagrams are suitable for this as they are discrete units of data that do not require a persistent connection for each individual packet.

Digitized voice (VoIP) is often transmitted using unreliable services (like UDP) because real-time delivery is more important than perfect reliability. Dropped packets are preferable to the latency caused by retransmission.

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FireWire is a serial bus interface standard for high-speed communications, officially known as IEEE 1394.

Correct Answer: modulate demodulate

In networking, a node is any device connected to the network that can send, receive, or forward information. This includes computers, printers, and terminals.