Computer Networks

Routers use routing tables and protocols to determine the most efficient path for data packets to travel across a network, effectively managing traffic.

A bridge is a network device that connects two separate network segments, allowing them to communicate as a single network.

A hub operates at the physical layer and broadcasts incoming data to all connected ports, whereas a switch uses MAC addresses to send data only to the intended recipient. This makes switches more efficient and secure than hubs.

Modems, routers, and switches are physical hardware devices used to build a local network. An ISP is a service provider entity, not a piece of hardware used to set up the network itself.

Modern networks include a wide variety of devices such as smartphones, tablets, printers, smart home appliances, and servers, not just desktop or laptop computers.

By definition, a network requires at least two devices to be connected to one another to facilitate communication.

Communication is defined as the act of transferring or transmitting information from one place, person, or group to another.

VLANs (Virtual Local Area Networks) are used to logically segment a physical network into smaller, isolated broadcast domains, which helps in organizing and securing traffic between different organizational units.

A trunk is a communication line or link designed to carry multiple signals simultaneously to provide network access between two points, typically between two switching centers or a switch and a PBX.

A Private Branch Exchange (PBX) is a telephone system within an enterprise that switches calls between users on local lines while allowing all users to share a certain number of external phone lines.

PVDM (Packet Voice Data Module) is a hardware module used in Cisco routers to provide DSP resources for voice processing, such as transcoding and conferencing.

Glare occurs in telephony when both ends of a trunk attempt to seize the same line at the same time, leading to a collision.