Computer Fundamentals and System Concepts

An active database system is a technique that allows you to take action automatically to events.

EKA, developed by Computational Research Laboratories (CRL) in Pune, India, was ranked as the fourth fastest supercomputer in the world in the Top 500 listing. This was a significant achievement for India's computational capabilities. The other options (HPC, TKA, SKC) are not the names of supercomputers that achieved this specific ranking from CRL.

Pastry is a food term (baked dough), unrelated to computers. RAM (Random Access Memory), Mouse (input device), and Byte (unit of digital information) are all fundamental computer terms.

Control Unit controls all the operations and hence, is known as the nervous system of the computer.

Microprocessor is the right answer. It has square shape. It has 30 pins. The main function of the microprocessor is to control Input/Output and Memory Unit.

It is responsible for overall functions of the computer. It tells us that which computer program and instructions are executed and coordinates the activity of the computer.

It is a data transmission in which a single wire can carry several channels at once.

The control unit coordinates all computer operations like a brain coordinates body functions. It fetches instructions, decodes them, and directs other components. The heart pumps blood (power supply), and central nervous system is closer to the bus system that carries data.

Option 2 is correct. 

A compiler is system software that translates high-level code into machine code. Spreadsheets, word processors, and DTP (Desktop Publishing) are all application software for end-users, while compilers directly support the computer's operation.

ROM (Read-Only Memory) stores permanent instructions like BIOS that the computer needs to start up and operate. These are 'firmware' - essential programs written by manufacturers. User programs run in RAM, but ROM provides the foundational instructions to boot and manage hardware.

Personal computers, contains articles related to those Micro computers being used by individual people primarily for (home)office/productivity applications.

The Control Unit (CU) is the component within the CPU that interprets program instructions and directs the operation of the processor. It decodes instructions, determines the required operations, and coordinates data flow between the ALU, registers, and memory. Registers (Option B) store data temporarily, while the ALU (Option C) performs arithmetic and logical operations.

Third generation computers (1960s) used Integrated Circuits (ICs) - multiple transistors fabricated on a single silicon chip. This replaced the discrete transistors used in second generation computers. Vacuum tubes (Option B) were first generation, Large scale integration (Option A, LSI) was fourth generation, and Transistors (Option D) were second generation.

Firmware is software that is permanently stored in hardware read-only memory (ROM) or flash memory, providing low-level control for device-specific operations. It bridges hardware and software. 'Cellular program' is not standard terminology, regular software is not hardware-stored, and shareware is a licensing model.