Computer Fundamentals and System Concepts

System software (like operating systems and drivers) provides the bridge between hardware and application software. It manages hardware resources and provides services that allow applications to run without needing to directly control hardware components.

Boot sector viruses infect the boot sector of floppy disks and hard drives. When a floppy disk is left in the drive during startup, the computer attempts to boot from it, executing the viral code in the boot sector and loading the virus into memory.

The operating system is the fundamental software that controls how the computer functions and provides the interface through which users interact with the computer. It manages hardware resources and provides services for application software.

A chip is the common nickname for an integrated circuit (IC), which is a set of electronic circuits on a small flat piece of semiconductor material. Integrated circuits are the fundamental building blocks of modern electronic devices.

Computer viruses are software programs that operate at the software/application level. They can corrupt programs, delete files, and cause disk crashes through file system damage, but they cannot physically damage hardware components like the motherboard. The motherboard is physical hardware - viruses cannot cause it to crash in a hardware sense. This is a key distinction between software and hardware damage.

In client/server computing, data is sent only upon the client's request. The client initiates requests for specific data, and the server responds with just the requested information. This request-response model minimizes unnecessary data transfer and processing.

This is not a component of MIS. Personnel in MIS includes the database analyst and programmers.

Yes, graphic pipelines have multiple arithmetic units to implement the various graphics operations like window clipping, projection and rendering etc.

Yes, all of the above are the tasks of microprocessor.

Trojan Horse is a program that performs desired task but also executes some unexpected task.

Worm is a self replicating program that is self contained and does not require a host program.

DES (Data Encryption Standard) was introduced in 1975 by IBM.

Servers are fast computers that run various software's, store and process information and also provide a human interface to the user to use the networked computers.

Writing the microcode is often called microprogramming and the microcode in a particular processor implementation is sometimes called a microprogram. Microprogramming is the designing of the CPU.