Computer Fundamentals and System Concepts

A worm is a system threat as it generates its multiple copies and each copy uses system resources, prevents all other processes to get required resources. System threat misuses system services and its resources to make the user in trouble.

Central Proccessing Unit (CPU) has all the components of the system. It computes all operations from basic to complex. It is also called the motherboard of the computer.

An arithmetic logic unit (ALU) is a major component of the central processing unit of a computer system.

In 1946 the first general– purpose digital computer, the Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer (ENIAC) was built

The period of second generation: 1959-1965. Transistor based

Java is a set of several computer software products and specifications from Sun Microsystems (which has since merged with Oracle Corporation),

The system unit (also called the computer case or tower) is the container or enclosure that houses the main electronic components of a computer, including the motherboard, processor, memory, and power supply. It coordinates and connects all the internal hardware but doesn't directly control input/output devices, manipulate data (that's the CPU's job), or perform arithmetic operations (also the CPU). Note: There's a typo in option B where 'contain' should read 'container.'

The processor (CPU) is the component that actually executes program instructions by fetching, decoding, and running them. The scanner is an input device, main storage holds data temporarily, secondary storage stores data long-term, and the printer is an output device.

The booting process performs the Power-On Self-Test (POST) which checks hardware components when the computer starts up. An integrity test is not a standard boot process term, correct functioning test is vague, reliability test is not part of booting, and shut down test happens when turning off.

A computer programmer does the logical thinking and problem-solving for computers by writing instructions. Entering input data quickly is data entry, operating equipment is technical support, drawing flowcharts is just one part of programming, and programmers are very useful.

Booting is the process of loading and initializing the operating system when a computer is powered on. Without an operating system, the computer cannot start up properly or run any programs.

The ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit) is the component within the CPU that performs mathematical calculations and logical operations. While the CPU contains the ALU, the ALU is specifically responsible for arithmetic computations.

Downloading refers to receiving data from a remote server, typically from the internet, to your local computer. Uploading is the opposite (sending data), while gathering and inputting are generic terms not specific to internet data transfer.

The machine cycle (or instruction cycle) consists of the fetch phase (retrieving the instruction) followed by the execution phase (performing the instruction). This cycle repeats continuously as the computer processes programs.

The motherboard is also called the System Board because it contains the primary circuitry and connects all components. 'Computer Board', 'Central Board', and 'Mouse' are not standard alternate names.