Climate, Weather, and Geography

Auroral means relating to, associated with, or resembling the aurora (natural light displays in the sky like the aurora borealis). Pertaining to the aurora borealis correctly defines this adjective form.

ARID lacks MOISTURE (it's characterized by dryness). SILENT lacks SOUND (it's characterized by absence of sound). This is an 'X is defined by lack of Y' analogy. The other pairs don't show this relationship - sandy and water can coexist, verdant needs sunshine, and taps can produce drops.

The correct answer is cucumber because 'as cool as a cucumber' is a standard English idiom describing someone who remains calm and composed under pressure. This expression dates back to the 19th century and refers to the cucumber's refreshing, cool temperature. Cloud, snow, and ice don't form part of this established idiom.

The correct answer is 'highest point' because apogee refers to the point in an orbit farthest from Earth (in astronomy) or the highest point or climax of something (metaphorically). 'Bottom' would be perigee (opposite). 'Trite' means overused/unoriginal and 'weaken' means to make weaker - neither relates to reaching a peak or zenith.

Foggier is the correct comparative form of foggy. In autumn, valleys accumulate more moisture and have less wind circulation than hilltops, creating denser fog. Option B is incorrect because 'more foggier' is a double comparative. Option C uses the base form incorrectly. Option D is the noun form, not comparative.

Weather expressions require dummy 'it' as the subject. Options A and B are missing this required structure. Option D uses wrong tense - Siberia is still cold now.

'Weather' as a general concept takes 'the' - it's an uncountable noun being talked about generally. Options A and B use incorrect articles. Option C is grammatically wrong.

Climate is a singular countable noun, so it requires an article. 'Have a warm climate' is grammatically correct. 'The warm' would imply a specific warm climate, 'warm' without an article is incorrect before a singular noun, and 'warming' is the wrong form.

Superlative adjectives require 'the' to specify uniqueness. 'The coldest season' correctly identifies winter in Northern Europe. 'Coldest' alone is incomplete, 'colder' is comparative not superlative, and 'cold' is positive degree.

On closely scrutinising all the options, we find that options (1) and (3) are contrary to the passage. Option (2) talks about the damage caused by people in Antarctica to cold water of the Antarctic Ocean, which sums up the idea of the passage. Hence, option (2) is the correct answer.

This is the correct option. Cyclone - It is the spiralling winds formed in tropical seas due to the formation of low pressure region in the sea and moving at a speed of 120 km/h. Thunderstorm - It is the storm accompanied by rain and lightning and moving at a speed of 89-102 km/h. Tornado - It is the dark funnel shaped cloud formed on land such that it reaches from the sky to the ground.

This is the correct option. The air in the southern hemisphere blows in the North-West direction. This is due to the West to East rotation of Earth.

This is the correct option. Thunderstorm is caused by violent air currents inside the cumulus clouds. They are low-level clouds that are found at the height of less than 3300 ft.

This is the correct option as this statement is false. The rubbing of water and ice particles builds up a negative electric charge in the clouds.

This is the correct option. Hurricanes develop over the oceans in latitudes 8 degree to 15 degree North and South. It is an extremely large, powerful and destructive storm with very strong winds.