Climate, Weather, and Geography

To solve this question, the user needs to know the definitions of each weather system and how they are classified.

A. Hurricane: A hurricane is a tropical cyclone that occurs in the Atlantic Ocean and northeastern Pacific Ocean.

B. Typhoon: A typhoon is a tropical cyclone that occurs in the northwestern Pacific Ocean.

C. Tropical cyclone: A tropical cyclone is a rotating low-pressure weather system that has organized thunderstorms but no fronts (a boundary separating two air masses of different densities).

D. Tornado: A tornado is a rapidly rotating column of air that is in contact with both the surface of the Earth and a cumulonimbus cloud or, in rare cases, the base of a cumulus cloud.

Therefore, option D which is the Tornado is the smallest amongst all the weather systems listed. Tornadoes have a much smaller size than other weather systems such as hurricanes, typhoons, and tropical cyclones, which can span hundreds of miles and have a significant impact on large regions.

The Answer is: D. Tornado

An isobar is a line on a weather map connecting points of equal atmospheric pressure. Isomers are chemical compounds with the same formula, equator is a latitude line, and median is a statistical or geometric term.

Okta is a unit of measurement for cloud cover, where 0 oktas means completely clear sky and 8 oktas means completely overcast. It's used in meteorology to estimate cloud coverage. Wind speed is measured in knots or km/h, ocean depth in fathoms or meters, and waves in height or period.

A haboob is a type of intense sandstorm characterized by strong winds and blowing sand, typically occurring in arid and semi-arid regions. They are often caused by thunderstorm outflow winds that kick up loose sand and soil. Cyclone, fruit, and ocean names are not correct definitions of this weather phenomenon.

El Nino is the childlike name (Spanish for 'the little boy') given to the significant climate pattern associated with sea surface temperature warming in the central and eastern Pacific Ocean. It affects global weather patterns and occurs every few years. The other options are not the correct name for this climate phenomenon.

Meteorology is the scientific study of the atmosphere and weather phenomena, not meteors (which fall under astronomy), metals, or earthquakes.

A falling barometer indicates decreasing atmospheric pressure, which typically signals approaching rain or stormy weather. Low pressure systems are associated with cloud formation and precipitation. High pressure (rising barometer) usually brings fair weather. Snow (A) requires cold plus low pressure, but the pressure drop alone predicts rain/storm conditions.

Latitudinal differences in solar heating create pressure belts that align with climate zones. The trade winds, westerlies, and polar easterlies all correspond to distinct pressure zones that match global climate patterns, creating a direct relationship between pressure and climate.

Atmospheric circulation redistributes heat from the equator toward the poles through wind patterns and air movement cycles. This latitudinal heat transfer moderates temperature extremes that would otherwise exist between equatorial and polar regions.

Hail refers to frozen rain pellets that fall during storms, which combined with ice storms can damage power lines and cause outages. Hale means healthy or strong, which doesn't fit the weather context.

Auroral means relating to, associated with, or resembling the aurora (natural light displays in the sky like the aurora borealis). Pertaining to the aurora borealis correctly defines this adjective form.

On closely scrutinising all the options, we find that options (1) and (3) are contrary to the passage. Option (2) talks about the damage caused by people in Antarctica to cold water of the Antarctic Ocean, which sums up the idea of the passage. Hence, option (2) is the correct answer.

This is the correct option. Cyclone - It is the spiralling winds formed in tropical seas due to the formation of low pressure region in the sea and moving at a speed of 120 km/h. Thunderstorm - It is the storm accompanied by rain and lightning and moving at a speed of 89-102 km/h. Tornado - It is the dark funnel shaped cloud formed on land such that it reaches from the sky to the ground.

This is the correct option. The air in the southern hemisphere blows in the North-West direction. This is due to the West to East rotation of Earth.

This is the correct option. Thunderstorm is caused by violent air currents inside the cumulus clouds. They are low-level clouds that are found at the height of less than 3300 ft.