Climate, Weather, and Geography

Among the options provided, a tornado is capable of producing the highest wind speeds, often significantly higher than those found in hurricanes or typhoons.

A jet stream is a narrow, variable band of very strong westerly air currents encircling the globe several miles above the Earth.

An isohyet is a line on a map connecting points that receive the same amount of rainfall over a given period.

Soil texture has no effect on weather of a place.

Weather - Condition of atmosphere over a short period of time is defined as weather.

• Climate - Condition of atmosphere over relatively long period of time, say for 25 years is defined as climate.

Places closer to the equator are hotter than the places closer to the poles.

Humidity is the amount of water vapour (moisture) present in the air and is responsible for making chips and biscuits moist, when kept in open.

Water vapor, or water vapour or aqueous vapor, is the gaseous phase of water. It is one state of water within the hydrosphere. Water vapor can be produced from the evaporation or boiling of liquid water or from the sublimation of ice. Unlike other forms of water, water vapor is invisible.

Water vapor, or water vapour or aqueous vapor, is the gaseous phase of water. It is one state of water within the hydrosphere. Water vapor can be produced from the evaporation or boiling of liquid water or from the sublimation of ice. Unlike other forms of water, water vapor is invisible.

Statement 1 is correct. The higher speed and greater persistence of the Westerlies in the Southern Hemisphere are caused by the difference in the atmospheric pressure patterns as well as its variation from that of Northern Hemisphere. The landmass in the southern hemisphere is comparatively less and average pressure decreases more rapidly on the poleward. Statement 2 is incorrect. Coriolis force is strongest in polar regions, zero at equator and at intermediate levels, it varies directly as the Sine of the latitude.

Statement 1 is correct. The desert occurs in two broad belts viz. at 20°30° north and south of the Equator along the tropics of cancer and Carpricon. The desert areas normally developed under the influence of high pressure areas. The hot air at the equator would rise and spread north and south before cooling and it would condense and release its moisture over the tropical zones. This leads to development of an equatorial zone of low atmospheric pressure. The two tropical zones are at high pressure and Nearer to the poles are two pressure belts of cold. Now as the denser air sinks towards the ground to the subtropical high pressure belts, wind is created which is hot and complete lacking of moisture. Statement 2 is wrong. Eurasian desert belt is related to cold currents, not warm currents.

The uneven heating of Earth's surface by the sun is also a driving force behind global patterns of winds and precipitation. Rotation of Earth causes the direction of winds and ocean currents to be deflected. Amount of water vapour in the atmosphere and presence of mountains in the path of wind influence the blowing of wind.

Correct option is (4).

Correct option is (3).

 Jet streams develop best in winters because of greater thermal contrasts. Jet streams, generally, develop a wavy pattern called Rossby waves.Jet streams have been found, to influence earth's surface weather phenomena (temperate cyclone, monsoon, etc). The monsoon of South Asia is largely affected and controlled by jet streams.