Climate, Weather, and Geography

As a tropical cyclone approaches, the air pressure drops and clouds darken (2). This is followed by the eyewall, which brings the most intense wind and rain (1). Finally, the eye of the storm passes, bringing a period of total calm and clear skies (3).

Tornadoes are much smaller in diameter but far more intense in wind speed than hurricanes. They are short-lived phenomena, usually lasting less than an hour, and most frequently occur in the afternoon when atmospheric instability is highest. Statement 2 is incorrect because tornadoes are rare in India; the eastern coast is primarily affected by tropical cyclones.

A sea breeze occurs during the day when the land heats up faster than the water. This temperature difference causes air to rise over the land and cooler air from the sea to move in to replace it.

Climate is influenced by latitude, altitude, and proximity to water bodies, which affect temperature and precipitation. Longitude primarily determines time zones and has no direct impact on a region's climate.

‘For that reason’ in C is referring to ‘Land areas warm and cool more rapidly than…’ in 1. “during the day” in D and C connects them. B follows D because it shows the contrast mentioned in D. ‘A valley breeze…up the slopes’ in E connects it with ‘the rising current….over the mountains’ in 6.

Antarctica is a continental glacier as it covers an entire continent. Mountain glaciers form on slopes, alpine glaciers are high-elevation valley glaciers, and piedmont glaciers form at the base of mountains.

Sand has a low specific heat capacity and radiates heat very quickly once the sun sets, causing desert temperatures to drop rapidly at night compared to areas with more soil or vegetation.

Meteorology is the scientific study of the atmosphere that focuses on weather processes and forecasting. It involves the study of atmospheric phenomena like temperature, air pressure, and water vapor. It should not be confused with the study of meteors, which is a branch of astronomy.

 Sub-Tropical High Pressure Belt (231/2° - 35° in both the hemispheres) : This belt owes its origin to the rotation of the earth and sinking and settling down of winds. It is, thus, mainly dynamically induced. The air rising at the equatorial belt starts blowing poleward. But, these winds get deflected towards east due to rotation of the earth. This phenomenon was first discovered by the French scientist Coriolis, hence this force exerted by the rotation of the earth is called coriolis force. The quantity of the force keeps increasing with increasing distances from the equatorial belt. This zone of high pressure is called 'Horse Latitude' because of prevalence of frequent calms. In ancient times, the merchants carrying horses in their ships had to throw out some of the horses while passing through this zone of calm in order to lighten their ships. This is why this zone is called 'Horse Latitude'. These are the regions of divergence because winds from these areas blow towards equatorial and subpolar low pressure belts.

Venus has a very thick atmosphere composed mostly of carbon dioxide, which creates a runaway greenhouse effect, resulting in extremely high surface temperatures and dense, overcast skies.

Deserts have very little humidity and vegetation to retain heat, leading to rapid cooling at night and intense heating during the day. This results in a large diurnal temperature range.

This is the correct answer as both these statements are correct. All of Western and Central Asia remains under the influence of westerly winds along the altitude of 9-13 km from West to East. These winds are known as jet streams.

This is the correct answer as these statements are correct about jet streams. They blow as westerly winds along the altitude of 9-13 km from west to east. Tibetian Highlands act as a barrier in their path due to which they get bifurcated. They play an important role in the Indian monsoon.  

This statement is incorrect. An easterly jet stream flows over the Southern part of the Peninsula in June.