Climate, Weather, and Geography

It represents Savanna climate.

It blows in winter season giving clear skies and very cold dry weather.

It represents China type of climate.

Cloud classification is based on altitude ranges: low clouds (below 2000m), middle clouds (2000-7000m), and high clouds (above 7000m). CB (Cumulonimbus) is a low cloud that develops vertically to great heights. AC (Altocumulus) is a middle cloud, while CI (Cirrus) and CC (Cirrocumulus) are high clouds.

A SPECI (Special Meteorological Report) is issued when there is a significant deterioration or improvement in weather conditions. According to ICAO standards, one of the criteria is when cloud cover becomes BKN (broken, 5-7 octas) or OVC (overcast, 8 octas) below 1500m (or below lowest minimum sector altitude). SCT (scattered, 1-4 octas) does not qualify for a SPECI.

Weather of a place keeps changing on daily basis and the prediction of the weather of coming days is said to be weather forecast. The average weather pattern taken over a long time is called climate of the place.

Sun is a huge sphere of hot gases with a very high temperature. All the changes in weather are caused by sun, which is said to be the primary cause of all the changes in weather. Wind speed, water and temperature are the elements of weather.

Thermometer is a device used to measure the temperature of a body. To measure the atmospheric temperature, maximum and minimum thermometers are used. The maximum temperature generally occurs in the afternoon, while the minimum occurs early morning.

The day to day conditions of atmosphere at a place with respect to temperature, humidity, rainfall, wind speed etc. is called weather. So, soil texture is not an element of weather.

Latitude is a primary determinant of climate because it controls the angle of solar insolation. Longitude, however, does not directly determine climate - two locations at the same latitude but different longitudes generally have similar climates. The other factors listed (land-sea contrasts, relief features) are all significant determinants of climate.

The Doldrums (Intertropical Convergence Zone) shifts with the sun's apparent position. During summer in each hemisphere, the zone moves toward that hemisphere, bringing the Doldrums area into the trade wind circulation. The question likely refers to northern hemisphere summer.

According to Ferrel's law (a corollary of the Coriolis effect), winds in the Northern Hemisphere are deflected to the right of their direction of motion due to Earth's rotation. In the Southern Hemisphere, the deflection is to the left.

This is the correct answer as all the given statements about inversion of temperature are correct.

Equator receives comparatively less insolation than the tropics. This statement is incorrect. Thus, this is the correct answer choice.