Climate, Weather, and Geography

Yes. The air is cool in winters, so that the water vapor present in it condenses to form tiny drops of water called droplets. It was this water after condensation that Aneesh saw on the leaves of grass and on the iron grilles of the gate.

Savannah Climate - The landscape is typified by tall grasses (6-12 feet high) and short trees. The grass appears greenish and well-nourished in the rainy season but turns yellow and dies down in the dry season that follows. The grass lies dormant throughout the long, rainless period and springs up again in the next rainy season. Mediterranean Climate - Prominence of local winds (some hot and others cold); the passing cyclones from the Atlantic, the anticyclones from the north and the cold air masses from the continental interiors are often interrupted or channeled by relief features resulting in the birth of local winds (such as Sirroco, Mistral) around the Mediterranean. Equatorial Climate - There are two periods of maximum rainfall, in April and in October, which occur shortly after the equinoxes. Therefore, double rainfall peaks coinciding with the equinoxes are a characteristic feature of equatorial climate not found in any other type of climate. Steppe Climate - Extensive mechanized wheat cultivation (All of them are correctly matched. So, option '4' is the correct answer.)

Option 1 is wrong. At any given altitude, except close to the surface, where water temperature controls air temperature, the environment inside the cyclone is warmer than its outer surroundings. Option 2 is wrong as hurricane, typhoon and tropical storms are tropical cyclones with tropical storm not usually having an eye as compared to the other two. Option 3 is correct as tropical cyclone develop over large bodies of warm water, i.e. the atmospheric pressure is low and loses the strength if they move over land due to increased surface friction and loss of the warm ocean as an energy source. Cyclone Thane that recently hit India is a tropical cyclone.

During the development of a thunderstorm, the air currents move upwards and the water droplets move downwards.

Lightning can occur between two or more clouds and between clouds and the earth.

Correct. All storms are low pressure storms.

 At the poles, the air is colder than that at latitudes about 60 degrees. The warm air at these latitudes rises up and the cold wind from the polar regions rushes in  to take its place. In this way, wind circulation is set up from the poles to the warmer latitudes. The change in direction of winds is however, caused by the rotation of the earth, which is also the cause of the uneven heating of the earth.

Correct. A storm with lightning and thunder is called a thunderstorm. It occurs due to the convection of air in hot and humid areas.

El Nino is a climate pattern described as a warm ocean current that develops off the coast of Ecuador and Peru. It causes widespread warming of the central and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean.

Cumulonimbus clouds are towering clouds associated with thunderstorms and heavy precipitation, characterized by significant vertical development. Other options like cirrus or stratus are thin or layered rather than vertically grown.

The equator experiences the least seasonal variation in temperature and daylight hours throughout the year. This is because the equator receives fairly consistent solar radiation year-round, unlike higher latitudes where the angle of sunlight changes dramatically with seasons. At the Arctic Circle, seasonal variation is most extreme with periods of continuous daylight or darkness depending on the season.

Isotherms are lines on weather maps connecting points of equal temperature. 'Iso' means equal, 'therm' refers to temperature. Isobars show equal pressure, not temperature. Isotopes are nuclear variants of elements, and isometers is not a standard meteorological term.

Chemical weathering requires both moisture and heat to proceed effectively. Water acts as a solvent and medium for chemical reactions, while higher temperatures increase the kinetic energy of molecules, accelerating reaction rates. Hot and humid conditions provide both, making them ideal for chemical weathering processes.

Antarctica is characterized by extremely cold temperatures throughout the year and very low precipitation, making it both the coldest and driest continent. Arctic deserts, tundra, and alpine meadows have different climatic characteristics and do not match the extreme year-round cold and dryness of Antarctica.