Climate, Weather, and Geography

 The Savanna type of climate is characterized by humid summers and dry winters.

Tornadoes have the highest wind velocities among all atmospheric disturbances, often exceeding 300 km/h. Typhoons, hurricanes, and cyclones are all tropical cyclones with similar wind speeds, but tornadoes can have significantly higher wind velocities in their most intense forms.

Hibernation is the condition, in which animals become inactive through cold weather. For example, Rabbits, Lizards, etc.

Thermal energy is the energy that determines the temperature of matter. The geothermal energy of the earth's crust originates from the original formation of the planet (20%) and from radioactive decay of minerals (80%). The geothermal gradient, which is the difference in the temperature of the core of the planet and its surface, drives a continuous conduction of thermal energy in the form of heat from the core to the surface.

Yes, it is correct. The cool land breeze flows from land towards sea at night. At night, the land gets cool faster.

The statement is incorrect because equatorial regions receive more direct solar radiation and are hotter, while polar regions receive indirect sunlight and are colder. This is a fundamental principle of Earth's climate system. Options A, B, and D are all factually correct statements about planetary and atmospheric conditions.

Mercury is closest to the Sun but has no atmosphere, so it's actually colder than Venus which has a thick CO2 atmosphere creating extreme greenhouse effect. Places near the equator are warmer, not colder, than poles due to more direct sunlight. Mountains do block and redirect winds, creating rain shadows and changing local weather patterns.

Clouds in the rainy season are dense, full of vapour and dust particles. Light cannot pass through these particles. In fact, light projects down from their edges. Hence, the clouds appear black. 

Fungi basically grow in hot and humid weather.

(i) Statement (1) is correct. These winds are called trade winds. These winds (also called trades) are the prevailing pattern of easterly surface winds found in the tropics, within the lower portion of the Earth's atmosphere. (ii) Statement (2) is incorrect. The S.I. unit of heat is Joule. Newton is the S.I. unit of force.

Unequal heating of landmass and water bodies by solar radiation generates air movement and causes winds to blow. Difference in temperature in the polar and equatorial regions also causes very strong polar winds to blow.

Yes, it is the correct answer. Only b is incorrect. In coastal areas, the land warms up faster than the ocean surface.

Yes, the flow of moist air from the ocean towards land in summer, annually over a larger area  is called Monsoon or Monsoon wind. Monsoon winds carry water vapour which falls over the land in the form of rain after cooling down.

Yes, it is the correct answer. All the factors are responsible for creating a cyclone.

Yes, tornadoes are the very fast moving dark clouds in the shape of a funnel. The speed of violent tornadoes may be up to 300km. Tornadoes are as destructive  as cyclones. Tornadoes may form within cyclones.