Cellular Respiration and Enzymes

Cadaverine is a foul-smelling compound produced by protein hydrolysis during putrefaction of animal tissue. Cadaverine is a toxic diamine with the formula NH₂(CH₂)₅NH₂, which is similar to putrescine.

Oxidation of D-sorbitol to L-sorbose is a microbiological process which involves the activity of Acetobacter xylinum.

The reaction of isopenicillin with phenyl acetate to produce penicillin G is catalysed by acyltransferase. This reaction is encoded by the gene penDE, which is unique in the process of obtaining penicillins.

Concurrent tandem catalysis (CTC) is a technique in chemistry which uses multiple catalysts on a single molecule in a one-pot vessel to produce a product otherwise not accessible by a single catalyst.

Isomerases just rearrange the existing atoms of a molecule, that is, create isomers of the starting material.

This is the correct answer. 

Phosphoenol pyruvate carboxylase regulates the production of L-glutamate by converting phosphoenol pyruvate to oxaloacetate, which is required for glutamic acid synthesis.

C. glutanicum, i.e. glutamic acid-producing bacteria have a high activity of glutamate dehydrogenase and a low activity of α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, which favours high amount of glutamic acid synthesis by Corynebacterium glutanicum.

Cellular respiration is the metabolic process where cells break down glucose in the presence of oxygen to produce ATP, releasing carbon dioxide and water as waste products. This occurs through glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. Transpiration is water loss through leaves, decomposition is breakdown by decomposers, and fossilization is preservation of remains.

This option is correct,  because glycolysis is an anaerobic process and involves the degradation of one molecule of glucose into two molecules of pyruvic acid,  with generation of two molecules of ATP.

Pharynx does not require ATP energy.

The term amphibolic is used to describe a biochemical pathway that involves both catabolism and anabolism. The Tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle or Krebs Cycle) is a good example of the amphibolic pathway. The first reaction of the cycle, in which oxaloacetate (a four carbon compound) condenses with acetate (a two carbon compound) to form citrate (a six carbon compound) is typically anabolic. The next few reactions, which are intramolecular rearrangements, produce isocitrate. The following two reactions are typically catabolic. CO₂ is lost in each step and succinate (a four carbon compound) is produced.

Standard free energy change of hydrolysis of 1,3-diphosphoglyceric acid is 11.8 kcal mol^-1.

The first stable compound in the Calvin cycle is a 3 carbon compound (3-phosphoglyceric acid), hence the cycle is also called the C₃ cycle.

Phosphoenol pyruvic acid absorbs the carbon dioxide in the mesophyll cells and converts it into oxaloacetic acid in the C₄ cycle.