Biology

Cell Cycle and Chromosomes

1,348 Questions

Explore a curated list of questions covering the cell cycle, mitosis, and meiosis. Topics include DNA replication, chromosomal structures, and genetic disorders. This material is essential for students preparing for biology and general science competitive exams.

Cell cycle eventsDNA replicationMeiosis processChromosomal structuresGenetic disorders

Cell Cycle and Chromosomes Questions

Multiple choice botany the mitotic cell cycle chromosome and its structure chromosome nucleus and chromosome

General length of chromosome is

  1. 5$\mu$m - 10$\mu$m
  2. 0.2$\mu$m - 2$\mu$m
  3. 0.1$\mu$m - 30$\mu$m
  4. 0.1$\mu$m - 4$\mu$m
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Chromosomes are the genetic material present in the nucleus of a cell. It is composed of DNA and protein. The functional segment of DNA is known as a gene. The size of chromosomes varies from as small as 0.1$\mu$m to as big as 15$\mu$m in length.

So, the correct answer is option C.

Multiple choice botany the mitotic cell cycle chromosome and its structure chromosome nucleus and chromosome

The chromosome that lacks a centromere is called as

  1. Telocentric

  2. Acentric

  3. Metacentric

  4. Acrocentric
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
In acrocentric chromosome, the centromere is present close to the end of the chromosome. Due to this one arm is very short and another arm is longer. 
In metacentric, the centromere is in the middle of the chromosome and the two arms are of equal length. 
In telocentric, the centromere is present at the end of a chromosome.
In acentric the chromosome that lacks a centromere. So, the correct answer is option C.
Multiple choice botany the mitotic cell cycle chromosome and its structure chromosome nucleus and chromosome

The largest normal metaphasic chromosome has a size of

  1. $1\mu m$
  2. $10\mu m$
  3. $20\mu m$
  4. $30\mu m$
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The largest normal metaphasic chromosome has the size of 30nm with the base of the nucleosome core particle consists of the 146 base pairs of DNA. During metaphasic state, when a chromosome in its most condensed state can range in size between 130,000 base pairs in the endosymbiotic bacteria, then the chromatin can be further condensed by coiling into 30nm in fibres.
So, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice botany the mitotic cell cycle chromosome and its structure chromosome nucleus and chromosome

During staining, chromosomes get stained with

  1. Eosine

  2. Borax carmine

  3. Acetocarmine

  4. Safranin.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

  • Stains are used in the microscopic studies of different components and organelles within a cell.
A. Eosine is stain used to stain the cytoplasm of the cell because these acidic dyes bind to basic proteins in the cytoplasm of the cell.
B. Borax carmine consists of borax, carmine and water which produces a permanent red nuclear stain which stains the nucleus and the cytoplasm.
C. Acetocarmine is a saturated solution of carmine in 45% of acetic acid which is used for staining the unfixed chromosomes within the nucleus of a cell that is used to study different stages of the chromosomes in cell division.
D. Safranin is a basic counterstain dye used in histology and cytology.

So, the correct answer is 'Acetocarmine'.

Multiple choice botany the mitotic cell cycle chromosome and its structure chromosome nucleus and chromosome

Chromosome end is called

  1. Telomere

  2. Centromere

  3. Satellite

  4. Metamere
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
  • A telomere is the end portion of a chromosome.
  • It is a region of repetitive nucleotide sequences present at each end of a chromosome that helps the chromosome from deterioration or fusion with other chromosomes. 
  • So, the correct answer is 'Telomere'.
Multiple choice botany the mitotic cell cycle chromosome and its structure chromosome nucleus and chromosome

Read the given statements
(i) Centromere is present in the middle of the chromosome and forms two equal arms.
(ii) Chromosome has a terminal centromere
(iii) Centromere lies close to the end of the chromosome forming one extremely short and one very long arm
(iv) Centremere lies slightly away from the middle of the chromosome resulting into one shorter arm and one longer arm.
Select the correct option as per the codes given above-

  1. Meta centric- (i); Submeta centric- (iv); Acro centric- (iii); Telo centric- (ii)

  2. Meta centric- (i); Submeta centric- (ii); Acro centric- (iii); Telo centric- (iv)

  3. Meta centric- (iv); Submeta centric- (iv; Acro centric- (iii); Telo centric- (ii)

  4. Meta centric- (iv); Submeta centric- (ii); Acro centric- (iii); Telo centric- (i)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Every chromosome has a primary constriction or the centromere on the sides of which kinetochores are present. Based on the position of centromere, the chromosomes are of 4 types:

  • Metacentric -  Centromere is present in the middle of the chromosome and forms two equal arms.
  • Submetacentric -  Centromere lies slightly away from the middle of the chromosome resulting into one shorter arm and one longer arm.
  • Acrocentric - Centromere lies close to the end of the chromosome forming one extremely short and one very long arm. 
  • Telocentric - Chromosome has a terminal centromere. 
  • So, the correct option is 'Option A' .

Multiple choice botany the mitotic cell cycle chromosome and its structure chromosome nucleus and chromosome

When stained with a certain dye, the chromosomes show alternate light and dark bands known as Q-bands under the microscope. Name the dye.

  1. Fluorescent dyes

  2. Haematoxylin

  3. Giemsa stain

  4. Quinacrine mustard
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Q band is a typical pattern which is obtained by using Quinacrine mustard dye. Nucleus located in the centre of each cell has chromosomes coiled in the form of chromatin network. Chromosomes are gene carriers. They are made up of 2 chromatids, that are joined to each other through a centromere. 

heterochromatic DNA which is firmly packed and coiled is commonly stained by this dye. The pattern is similar to that obtained by light and dark bands obtained by G banding. The regions having rich Adenine Thymine complexes are highlighted with yellow fluorescence as seen in Q banding.
So the correct answer is " Quinacrine mustard ".

Multiple choice evs identifying the plants absorption of water from the soil root system the root system

A plant root has 16 chromosomes, so

  1. Gamete has 16 chromosomes

  2. Gamete has 8 cellschromosomes

  3. Endosperm has 8 chromosomes

  4. Endosperm has 16 chromosomes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Plant roots have diploid cells (2n) which in this case has 16 chromosomes.

Gametes are haploid cells (n) and hence they will have 8 chromosomes.
Endosperm is triploid (3n) and hence they will have 24 chromosomes.
So the correct answer is ' Gamete has 8 cells '.

Multiple choice zoology insects and human welfare bee keeping apiculture apiculture, sericulture and fisheries

What is true in case of Honey Bee?

  1. Male diploid, female haploid

  2. Male diploid, female diploid

  3. Male haploid, female haploid

  4. Male haploid, female diploid
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
In case of honey Bees, males develop from unfertilized eggs and are haploid, and females develop from fertilized eggs and are diploid (Haplodiploidy).

So, the correct answer is 'Male haploid, female diploid'.
Multiple choice bio-chemistry unit of living - cell eukaryotic cell kinds of cell introduction to eukaryotic cell

The division of the organisms into Prokaryota and Eukaryota is based on the characters of

  1. Nucleus only

  2. More than one chromosome

  3. Cell organelles only

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Prokaryotes are the organism whose cell do not possess membrane-bound nucleus and organelles except ribosome. Instead of organelles, all the function is performed by the cytoplasm and cell membrane. Whereas eukaryotes are the organism whose cell possess membrane-bound organelle and nucleus. Prokaryotic cell possesses single circular chromosome whereas eukaryotic cell possesses more than one chromosomes. Thus, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry unit of living - cell eukaryotic cell kinds of cell introduction to eukaryotic cell

In eukaryotic cells, the chromosomes are located in

  1. Nucleus

  2. Nucleolus

  3. Golgi complex

  4. Lysosomes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

In prokaryotes, the circular chromosomes are located in nucleoid which is present in the cytoplasm. In eukaryotes, the chromosome is stored inside the nucleus. Each eukaryotic chromosome is composed of DNA coiled and condensed around nuclear proteins called histones.

So the correct answer is the nucleus. 

Multiple choice bio-chemistry unit of living - cell eukaryotic cell kinds of cell introduction to eukaryotic cell

The cells having well organised nucleus that undergoes mitosis are called as______________

  1. Eukaryotic

  2. Prokaryotic

  3. Mesokaryotic

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Prokaryotes are the organism that does not possess a well-defined nucleus. Nucleoid is a region in the prokaryotic cell where its most of the genetic material resides. It is not a well-defined membrane-bound region. 
Eukaryotic cells possess a well-organized nucleus (like eukaryotes) but its nucleus divides through amitosis (like prokaryotes). Dinoflagellates cells are mesokaryotic cells.  
The nucleus is bound to double membrane in the eukaryotic cell in which most of the genetic material is present and undergoes mitotic division.
So, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry unit of living - cell eukaryotic cell kinds of cell introduction to eukaryotic cell

Identify the odd one out.

  1. Chromosome

  2. Gamete

  3. Nucleus

  4. Gene
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The odd one out of the following options is the gamete. The chromosome, nucleus and the gene are the parts of the DNA. The chromosomes are the condensed form of the DNA and histones. The nucleus is the site where the DNA is present and the gene is the segment of DNA which encodes for the proteins. The gamete is the haploid cell which is produced by the meiotic division of the germ cells. 

Thus, the correct answer is option B.