Biology

Cell Cycle and Chromosomes

1,348 Questions

Explore a curated list of questions covering the cell cycle, mitosis, and meiosis. Topics include DNA replication, chromosomal structures, and genetic disorders. This material is essential for students preparing for biology and general science competitive exams.

Cell cycle eventsDNA replicationMeiosis processChromosomal structuresGenetic disorders

Cell Cycle and Chromosomes Questions

Multiple choice botany nucleus and chromosome membrane bound organelles cell: size and differentiation microscopy

Shape of metacentric chromosome in anaphase is

  1. L-shaped

  2. V-shaped

  3. J-shaped

  4. I-shaped.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
  • Metacentric chromosomes are X-shaped chromosomes and the centromere are present in the centre so that the two arms are equal.
  • During anaphase, these chromosomes appear V-shaped as the chromosomes split and the daughter chromatids move to the opposite poles of the cell.
  • So, the correct answer is 'V-shaped'.
Multiple choice botany nucleus and chromosome membrane bound organelles cell: size and differentiation microscopy

A chromosome having subterminal centromere is

  1. Acrocentric

  2. Submetacentric

  3. Telocentric

  4. Metacentric
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

A. An acrocentric chromosome is a  chromosome in which the centromere is located near to one end of the chromosome. 

B.  A submetacentric chromosome is a chromosome in which the centromere is located near the slightly away from the centre and the two arms are slightly unequal in length and form L-shape. 
C. A telocentric chromosome is a chromosome in which the centromere is located at the terminal end of the chromosome and their shape is similar to the letter i.
D. Metacentric chromosomes are X-shaped chromosomes and the centromere are present in the centre so that the two arms are equal.
So, the correct answer is 'Acrocentric'.

Multiple choice botany nucleus and chromosome membrane bound organelles cell: size and differentiation microscopy

Chromosomes appearing rod shaped during anaphase are

  1. Acrocentric

  2. Metacentric

  3. Submetacentric

  4. Telocentric
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

A. An acrocentric chromosome is a  chromosome in which the centromere is located near to one end of the chromosome. 

B. Metacentric chromosomes are X-shaped chromosomes and the centromere are present in the centre so that the two arms are equal.
C. A submetacentric chromosome is a chromosome in which the centromere is located near the slightly away from the centre and the two arms are slightly unequal in length and form L-shape. 
D. A telocentric chromosome is a chromosome in which the centromere is located at the terminal end of the chromosome and their shape is similar to the letter i or is rod-shaped.
So, the correct answer is 'Telocentric'.

Multiple choice botany nucleus and chromosome membrane bound organelles cell: size and differentiation microscopy

One type of chromosome has middle centromere whereas the other has a terminal centromere. They are

  1. Metacentric and acrocentric

  2. Metacentric and telocentric

  3. Submetacentric and telocentric

  4. Acrocentric and metacentric
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
  • Metacentric chromosomes are X-shaped chromosomes and the centromere are present in the centre so that the two arms are equal.
  •  A telocentric chromosome is a chromosome in which the centromere is located at the terminal end of the chromosome and their shape is similar to the letter i.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Metacentric and telocentric'.
Multiple choice botany nucleus and chromosome membrane bound organelles cell: size and differentiation microscopy

Chromosome having terminal centromere capped by telomere is

  1. Metacentric

  2. Submetacentric

  3. Acrocentric

  4. Telocentric
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
  • Chromosome having terminal centromere capped by telomere is Acrocentric.
  • An acrocentric chromosome is a  chromosome in which the centromere is located near to one end of the chromosome. 
  • So, the correct answer is 'Acrocentric'.
Multiple choice botany nucleus and chromosome membrane bound organelles cell: size and differentiation microscopy

A chromosome with centromere near the middle is called

  1. Metacentric

  2. Submetacentric

  3. Acrocentric

  4. Telocentric
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

1) Metacentric chromosomes have the centromere in the center, such that both sections are of equal length. Human chromosome 1 and 3 are metacentric.

2) Submetacentric chromosomes have the centromere slightly offset from the center leading to a slight asymmetry in the length of the two sections. Human chromosomes 4 through 12 are submetacentric.
3) Acrocentric chromosomes have a centromere which is severely offset from the center leading to one very long and one very short section. Human chromosomes 13,15, 21, and 22 are acrocentric.
4)Telocentric chromosomes have the centromere at the very end of the chromosome. Humans do not possess telocentric chromosomes but they are found in other species such as mice.
So, the correct answer is 'Submetacentric'.

Multiple choice botany nucleus and chromosome membrane bound organelles cell: size and differentiation microscopy

Chromosome carrying centromeres at one end is :

  1. Metacentric

  2. Submetacentric

  3. Acrocentric

  4. Telecentric
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

A chromosome consists of two identical halves, the chomatids which are held together at one point. This point is known as centromere. The centromere appears as a narrow region called primary constriction, of the chromosome. On the sides of centromere, disc shaped structures are present known as kinetochores.
Depending on the position of centromere, chromosomes can be classified into four types:

  • Metacentric
  • Sub-metacentric
  • Acrocentric
  • Telocentric
Chromosome carrying centromeres at one end is called telocentric. It is also known as terminal chromosome because centromere is present at the terminal end. Thus, this chromosome appears to have a single arm.

Multiple choice botany nucleus and chromosome membrane bound organelles cell: size and differentiation microscopy

Human chromosomes have been grouped on the basis of size and centromere into ____ types

  1. $5$
  2. $6$
  3. $7$
  4. $10$
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

We group chromosomes into 7 groups, based on their size (how long they are), and the position of their centromeres (the narrow part that separates the two arms from one another). Some chromosomes have their centromeres at or near the middle, some have them somewhere between the middle and the end, and some have centrosomes at the very end of the chromosomes.


So, the correct answer is '7'.

Multiple choice botany nucleus and chromosome membrane bound organelles cell: size and differentiation microscopy

A chromosome with centromere in the middle is

  1. Metacentric

  2. Telocentric

  3. Acrocentric

  4. Dicentric
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
A. Metacentric chromosomes are X-shaped chromosomes and the centromere are present in the center so that the two arms are equal.
B. A telocentric chromosome is a chromosome in which the centromere is located at the terminal end of the chromosome and their shape is similar to the letter i.
C.  An acrocentric chromosome is a  chromosome in which the centromere is located near to one end of the chromosome. 
D. A dicentric chromosome (abnormal centormere) is formed by the fusion of two chromosome segments thus, have two centromere.
So, the correct answer is 'Metacentric'.
Multiple choice botany nucleus and chromosome membrane bound organelles cell: size and differentiation microscopy
The chromosome in which centromere lies slightly away from the middle of the chromosome resulting into one shorter arm and one longer arm, is called as

  1. Metacentric

  2. Submetacentric

  3. Acrocentric

  4. Telocentric
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

In submetacentric type of chromosome, the centromere lies at some distance away from the midpoint, dividing the chromosomes into two unequal arms.

So, the correct answer is 'Submetacentric'

Multiple choice botany nucleus and chromosome membrane bound organelles cell: size and differentiation microscopy

Nucleoprotein structures found at the end of chromosome are

  1. Centromere

  2. Telomeres

  3. Satellites

  4. Centrosomes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
  • Telomeres are essential nucleoprotein structures at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes. They play several essential roles preserving genome stability and function, including distinguishing chromosome ends from DNA double-stranded breaks (DSBs) and maintenance of chromosome length.
  • The centromere is the point of attachment of the kinetochore, a structure to which the microtubules of the mitotic spindle become anchored.
  •  Satellite DNA consists of very large arrays of tandemly repeating, non-coding DNA. Satellite DNA is the main component of functional centromeres, and form the main structural constituent of heterochromatin.

So, the correct answer is 'Telomeres'.
Multiple choice botany nucleus and chromosome membrane bound organelles cell: size and differentiation microscopy
Read the given statements.

(i) Centromere is present in the middle of the chromosome and forms two equal arms.
(ii) Chromosome has a terminal centromere.
(iii) Centromere lies close to the end of the chromosomes forming one extremely short and one very long arm.
(iv) Centromere lies slightly away from the middle of the longer arm.

Select the correct option as per the codes given above.
  1. $Metacentric - (i), Submetacentric - (iv), Acrocentric - (iii), Telocentric - (ii)$
  2. $Metacentric - (i), Submetacentric - (ii), Acrocentric - (iii), Telocentric - (iv)$
  3. $Metacentric - (iv), Submetacentric - (i), Acrocentric - (iii), Telocentric - (ii)$
  4. $Metacentric - (iv), Submetacentric - (ii), Acrocentric - (iii), Telocentric - (i)$
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

metacentric chromosome - has centromere in the center with arms of identical length on either sides (p=q) telocentric chromosome: has centromere at terminal end, one single arm, not distinguished as p and q sub metacentric chromosome: centromere slightly away from the centre, forming two unequal arms - p -shorter and q-longer acrocentric chromosome : centromere farther away from the center, closer to the terminal end. forms unequal arms, p-much shorter, q- quite longer. So, the correct answer is 'Metacentric−(i),Submetacentric−(iv),Acrocentric−(iii),Telocentric−(ii)'

Multiple choice botany nucleus and chromosome membrane bound organelles cell: size and differentiation microscopy

The chromosome in which centromere lies slightly away from the middle of the chromosome resulting into one shorter arm and one longer arm, is called as _____________.

  1. Metacentric

  2. Submetacentric

  3. Acrocentric

  4. Telocentric
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
In submetacentric type of chromosome, the centromere lies at some distance away from the midpoint, dividing the chromosomes into two unequal arms.
So, the correct answer is 'Submetacentric'