Biology

Cell Cycle and Chromosomes

1,348 Questions

Explore a curated list of questions covering the cell cycle, mitosis, and meiosis. Topics include DNA replication, chromosomal structures, and genetic disorders. This material is essential for students preparing for biology and general science competitive exams.

Cell cycle eventsDNA replicationMeiosis processChromosomal structuresGenetic disorders

Cell Cycle and Chromosomes Questions

Multiple choice

Colchicine treated cells remain arrested in _____.

  1. Prophase

  2. G2 phase

  3. Metaphase

  4. S phase
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Colchicine is an alkaloid prepared from the dried corns and seeds of Colchicum autumnale (autumn crocus). It inhibits microtubule polymerisation by binding to tubulin. During mitosis, use of colchicine inhibits spindle formation and the cell division remains arrested in its metaphase stage.

Multiple choice

G1 phase of cell cycle is usually absent in __________.

  1. Intestinal epithelial cells

  2. HeLa cells in culture

  3. Early cleavage stage cells

  4. Senescent fibroblast cells
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The rate of cell division in early cleavage cells is very high. So in these cells, cell cycle consists of only S and M phases. During S phase, cells synthesise the necessary materials for division and then, they proceeds towards the mitotic division that is the M phase. It is actually a time saving procedure for producing huge numbers of cells in shorter time span during early cleavage.

Multiple choice

In eukaryotes, two types of cell divisions partition the genetic material into offspring or daughter cells. Mitosis is the process that partitions newly replicated chromosomes equally into two daughter cells. Meiosis is a specialised form of cell division in which number of chromosomes is reduced to half.

An organism has 56 chromosomes in its diploid stage. How many chromosomes are present in somatic cells?

  1. 112

  2. 56

  3. 28

  4. 45
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Somatic cells are diploid and undergo mitotic division. So, the number of chromosomes remains same in the daughter cells.

Multiple choice

In eukaryotes, two types of cell divisions partition the genetic material into offspring or daughter cells. Mitosis is the process that partitions newly replicated chromosomes equally into two daughter cells. Meiosis is a specialised form of cell division in which number of chromosomes is reduced to half.

How many chromosomes are present in the gametes of the above mentioned organisms?

  1. 56

  2. 14

  3. 28

  4. 112
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Gamete cells undergo meiotic division and they have haploid number of chromosomes, i.e. half of the chromosomes present in the somatic cells. In diploid cells, number of chromosomes is 56. So, number of chromosomes in gamete cells is 56/2 = 28.

Multiple choice

Cytokinesis occurs in an animal cell by

  1. furrowing

  2. burrowing

  3. borrowing

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

In cell biology, the cleavage furrow is the indentation of the cell's surface that begins the progression of cleavage, by which animal and some algal cells undergo cytokinesis, the final splitting of the membrane, in the process of cell division.

Multiple choice

Centromeres line up in the equator during

  1. prophase

  2. metaphase

  3. anaphase

  4. telophase
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

 Centromeres line up in the equator during metaphase.Metaphase is the third phase of mitosis, the process that separates duplicated genetic material carried in the nucleus of a parent cell into two identical daughter cells.

Multiple choice

Animal Cell and Plant Cells differ in their cytology is a well-known fact. The following two questions need to be answered based on the clarity of the cell doctrine and cellular function.

Which of the following options quotes the main difference between a dividing plant cell and an animal cell?

  1. Type of spindle formation

  2. Coiling of chromosome

  3. Chromosome movement

  4. Cell plate formation
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

It was Mathias Schwann who brought out the difference between the plant cell and animal cell based on the microscopic observation of plant cells provided by Schleiden. Schwann, Schleiden and Virchow are the three contributors of The Cell Theory. Schleiden was a botanist and did not observe animal cells. Virchow contributed with his famous doctrine of “omnis cellula e cellula- Cells originate from existing cells”. Schwann experimented both with animal as well as plant cells and marked the difference as “Animal cells do not have a cell wall”. The division cycle of both the animal and plant cells proceeds through same cycles, except for the cytokinesis where plant cells have a special structure formed known as cell plate, which will later become the cell wall.