Cell Cycle and Chromosomes

Yes, the number of chromosomes remain the same. It is a process of asexual reproduction in which the cell divides in two producing a replica, with an equal number of chromosomes in each resulting diploid cell.

Yes, it is correct. No, it is incorrect. Diploid cell is produced after mitotic reproduction having 46, i.e. the original number of chromosomes. Haploid cells are produced after meiosis reproduction having half the number of chromosomes, i.e. 23. Diploid human cells are formed after fusion of two daughter haploid cells, hence 23 + 23 = 46 again.

Individuals with karyotype of 45 chromosomes(44 autosomes and one X chromosomes) have been found to be suffering from female gonadal dysgenesis or Turner's syndrome

All the genes of a particular chromosomes comprise a genotype.

Y chromosome is (in humans and other mammals) a sex chromosome, which is normally present only in male cells, which are designated as XY. Y spots in the interphase nuclei give indications of the number of Y chromosomes.

The abnormalities involving X chromosomes can easily be determined by analysing a structure in the nucleus of cells from the buccul mucosa, this structure is called barr bodies.

In idiogram, chromosomes of an organism are arranged according to the position of centromere.

Ophioglossum reticulatum (2n = 1260): Highest known number of chromosomes in any life form. Myrmecia pilosula (2n = 2): 2 for females, males are haploid and thus have one; lowest number of chromosomes among all organisms.

 Chromatin is present in the cell which condenses at the time of cell division.

Interphase occurs just prior to cell division. Prepubertal male primordial germ cells are reactivated from interphase at puberty and enter rounds of mitoses followed by meiosis 1 and 2 to produce unique haploid sperm.

Specialised cells undergo repeated rounds of DNA replication without cell division.

These are found in permanent diplotene phase of meiosis and do not undergo cell cycle.

It is the exchange of genetic material between chromatids of paired homologous chromosomes during the meiotic division of pro-phase1.

Human females have two X chromosomes (XX), while males have one X and one Y (XY). An unfertilized egg (ovum) always contains one X chromosome from the mother. Sperm can carry either X or Y chromosome, determining the baby's sex.

Robertsonian translocation is a type of reciprocal translocation caused by breaks at or near the centromeres of two acrocentric chromosomes. The reciprocal exchange of parts gives rise to one large metacentric chromosome and one extremely small chromosome that may be lost from the organism with little effect because it contains so few genes.