Biology · Science General

Cell Biology and Structure

3,062 Questions

Cell biology focuses on the structure and function of cellular organelles. Key topics include cellular respiration, DNA inheritance, and energy production. These fundamental biology concepts are crucial for medical entrance and state service examinations.

Cell organelles functionsCellular respiration sitesDNA and ribosomesAnimal cell structurePlant cell components

Cell Biology and Structure Questions

Multiple choice

The actin-based filaments formed by cytoskeleton in order to sense the external environment are called

  1. cilia

  2. filopodia

  3. microvilli

  4. blebs
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The actin-based filaments formed by cytoskeleton in order to sense the external environment are called filopodia. They are rich in actin-binding proteins, e.g. fascin and fimbrin. Filopodia are slender cytoplasmic projections that form focal adhesion with the substrate linking it to the cell surface.

Multiple choice

Cell membrane of myocytes is known as

  1. oolemma

  2. sarcolemma

  3. axolemma

  4. plasmalemma
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Cell membrane of myocytes is known as sarcolemma. It consists of a plasma membrane, which is a lipid bilayer, and an outer coat consisting of a thin layer of polysaccharide material (glycocalyx) that contacts the basement membrane, which contains numerous thin collagen fibrils and specialized proteins such as laminin that provide a scaffold for the muscle fiber to adhere to it.

Multiple choice

Which of the following statements about peroxisomes is not true?

  1. Peroxisomes are found in all cell types.

  2. Peroxisomes are self replicating.

  3. Peroxisomes oversee reactions that neutralise free radicals.

  4. Peroxisomes are major sites of oxygen utilisation.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Peroxisomes are found in all eucaryotic cells. 

Multiple choice

Peroxisomes can be derived from

  1. vacuoles

  2. golgi bodies

  3. endoplasmic reticulum

  4. lysosome
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Peroxisomes can be derived from the endoplasmic reticulum.

Multiple choice

Which of the following statements is/are true regarding meristematic tissue?

P. Meristematic tissue cells have retaining ability. Q. Meristematic tissue cells are isodimetric and have bigger vacuoles than permanent tissue cells. R. The rate of respiration in meristematic tissue cells is low.

  1. Only P

  2. Only Q

  3. Only R

  4. P and Q

  5. Q and R
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Correct answer. Meristematic tissues consist of cells that are in a state of division or retain the power division. These are present in root and shoot apex.

Multiple choice

Assertion (A): Sclerenchymatous cells are dead and lack protoplasm. Reason (R): They are the longest cells of the plant kingdom.

Select the correct option regarding the statements given above.

  1. A and R both are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.

  2. A and R both are correct and R is not the correct explanation of A.

  3. A is correct and R is incorrect.

  4. A is incorrect and R is correct.

  5. A and R both are incorrect.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Correct answer. Sclerenchymatous cells are dead and lack protoplasm is correct, but them being the longest cells of the plant kingdom is not the correct explanation of assertion.

Multiple choice

Endoplasmic reticulum maximises surface area and provides mechanical support by acting as the cytoskeleton. It produces_________.

  1. >10% of total membranes in cell

  2. >25% of total membranes in cell

  3. 50% of total membranes in cell

  4. hardly 1% of total membranes in cell
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Endoplasmic reticulum maximises surface area and provides mechanical support by acting as the cytoskeleton. It produces 50% of total membranes in cell.

Multiple choice

According to Singer & Nicholson’s model, which of following is found in plasma membrane?

  1. Phospholipids & chitin

  2. Phospholipids, intrinsic & extrinsic proteins, glycoproteins & glycolipids

  3. Cellulose & hemicelluloses

  4. Protein & carbohydrate

Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Major current model of membrane structure. Incorporates a fluid mosaic structure whose major features include a discontinuous lipid bilayer composed predominantly of phospholipids, and proteins (often glycoproteins) that are integral to the structure, and peripheral proteins that are not essential to reassembly of a functional membrane.

Multiple choice

Fast and irreversible elongation of cell occurs usually in plants but not in the animals. Such difference is because of_________.

  1. presence of huge vacuoles and cell walls

  2. absence of endoplasmic reticulum and presence of huge vacuoles

  3. presence of chloroplast and mitochondria

  4. absence of centrioles and golgi bodies
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Fast and irreversible elongation of cell occurs usually in plants but not in the animals. Such difference is because of presence of huge vacuoles and cell walls.

Multiple choice

Match the Column I with Column II & choose the right answer using the following options provided below the column:

 
Column I Column II
A. Conduction of secretion to various organelles within a cell 1. Nuclear pores
B. Intracellular osmosis 2. Endoplasmic reticulum
C. Granular material exchange between nucleus & cytoplasm 3. Cell membrane

  1. A - 2, B - 3, C - 1

  2. A - 1, B - 3, C - 2

  3. A - 3, B - 1, C - 2

  4. A - 2, B - 1, C - 3
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Option (1) is correct. A. Conduction of secretion to various organelles within a cell - 2. Endoplasmic reticulum B. Intracellular osmosis - 3. Cell membrane C. Granular material exchange between nucleus and cytoplasm - 1. Nuclear pores