Biology · Science General

Cell Biology and Structure

3,062 Questions

Cell biology focuses on the structure and function of cellular organelles. Key topics include cellular respiration, DNA inheritance, and energy production. These fundamental biology concepts are crucial for medical entrance and state service examinations.

Cell organelles functionsCellular respiration sitesDNA and ribosomesAnimal cell structurePlant cell components

Cell Biology and Structure Questions

Multiple choice

The cis golgi network originates from

  1. vacuoles

  2. endoplasmic reticulum

  3. lysosomes

  4. nuclear membrane
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The cis golgi network originates from vesicular clusters that bud off the endoplasmic reticulum.

Multiple choice

Which of the following processes takes place in cis-cisterna with the cargo proteins?

  1. Removal of mannose residues and addition of N-acetylglucosamine

  2. Addition of galactose and sialic acid

  3. Removal of mannose residues

  4. Sulfation of tyrosines and carbohydrates
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Cis cisterna are associated with the removal of mannose residues. Apart from it, phosphorylation of oligosaccharides on lysosomal proteins occurs in the early CGN.

Multiple choice

Which type of vesicles carry antibodies?

  1. Vacuoles

  2. Exocytotic vesicles

  3. Secretory vesicles

  4. Lysosomal vesicles
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Antibodies are carried by exocytotic vesicle. These vesicles contain proteins destined for extracellular release. After packaging, the vesicles bud off and immediately move towards the plasma membrane, where they fuse and release the contents into the extracellular space.

Multiple choice

Which fungal metabolite disrupts the structure and function of Golgi apparatus?

  1. L-741,494

  2. Brefeldin A

  3. Ciclosporin

  4. Fumonisin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Brefeldin A (BFA) is a fungal metabolite which disrupts the structure and function of the Golgi apparatus by inhibiting transport of proteins from ER to Golgi and inducing retrograde protein transport from the Golgi apparatus to the endoplasmic reticulum.

Multiple choice

Which of the following models is the most accepted model to explain vesicular traffic throughout the Golgi apparatus?

  1. Anterograde vesicular transport between stable compartments model

  2. Cisternal progression/maturation model

  3. Cisternal progression/maturation with heterotypic tubular transport model

  4. Rapid partitioning in a mixed Golgi model
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

This is the most accepted model by scientists. According to this model, the transport of cargo proteins through the Golgi complex occurs by the progression of cisternae from the cis face to the trans face of the Golgi stack. Each cisterna changes its position in the stack repeatedly until it reaches the trans face. Thus, the cisternae themselves act as carriers in this intra-Golgi trafficking segment.

Multiple choice

Golgi bodies were discovered in

  1. blood cell

  2. nerve cell

  3. skin cell

  4. plant cell
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Golgi body was discovered in 1898 by Italian physician Camillo Golgi during an investigation of the nervous system, i.e. nerve cells.

Multiple choice

Where is the Golgi apparatus localized in a mammalian cell?

  1. Scattered through the cytoplasm

  2. Close to centrosome

  3. Adjacent to mitochondria

  4. Attached to the cell membrane
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

In mammals, a single Golgi apparatus complex is usually located near the cell nucleus, close to the centrosome.