Biology · Science General

Cell Biology and Structure

3,221 Questions

Cell biology focuses on the structure and function of cellular organelles. Key topics include cellular respiration, DNA inheritance, and energy production. These fundamental biology concepts are crucial for medical entrance and state service examinations.

Cell organelles functionsCellular respiration sitesDNA and ribosomesAnimal cell structurePlant cell components

Cell Biology and Structure Questions

Multiple choice bio-chemistry structure and function of cell organelles microbodies living organisms and energy production single membrane bound organelles

Enzymes associated with converting fats to carbohydrates are located in

  1. Liposomes

  2. Golgi bodies

  3. Glyoxysomes

  4. Microsomes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
  • Enzymes associated with converting fats to carbohydrates are located in Glyoxysomes.
  • Glyoxysomes are a type of peroxisomes found in plants and few filamentous fungi.
  • They are particularly found in fat storage tissues of germinating seeds (peanuts, soybeans etc.) in plants.
  • They contain enzymes (citrate synthase, isocitrate lyase and malate synthase etc.) which are responsible for beta-oxidation of fatty acids,
  • It helps in fatty acid oxidation, glyoxylate cycle and gluconeogenesis.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Glyoxysomes'.
Multiple choice bio-chemistry structure and function of cell organelles microbodies living organisms and energy production single membrane bound organelles

The organelle present in germinating seeds and connected with $\beta$-oxidation or fat digestion is

  1. Glyoxysome

  2. Sphaerosome

  3. Peroxisome

  4. Mitochondrion
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
  • The organelle present in germinating seeds and connected with β-oxidation or fat digestion is glyoxysome.
  • Glyoxysomes are a type of peroxisomes found in plants and few filamentous fungi.
  • They are particularly found in fat storage tissues of germinating seeds (peanuts, soybeans etc.) in plants.
  • They contain enzymes (citrate synthase, isocitrate lyase and malate synthase etc.) which are responsible for beta-oxidation of fatty acids,
  • It helps in fatty acid oxidation, glyoxylate cycle and gluconeogenesis.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Glyoxysome'.
Multiple choice bio-chemistry structure and function of cell organelles microbodies living organisms and energy production single membrane bound organelles

Cell organelle covered by a single unit membrane is

  1. Glyoxysome

  2. Lysosome

  3. Peroxisome

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
  • Unit membrane refers to the limiting membrane of cells and cellular organelles which is composed of 3-layered structure- an inner lipid layer and two outer protein layers.
  • This unit membrane surrounds most of the cellular organelles (Golgi apparatus, glyoxysome, lysosomes, peroxisomes etc.).
  • Lysosomes, glyoxysomes and peroxisomes are single-membraned cellular organelles.
  • So, the correct answer is 'All of the above'.
Multiple choice bio-chemistry structure and function of cell organelles microbodies living organisms and energy production single membrane bound organelles

What is not true of sphaerosomes?

  1. Single membrane covering

  2. Connected with fats

  3. Arise from endoplasmic reticulum

  4. Involved in photorespiration
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
  • Spherosomes or oleosomes are small cellular organelles enclosed by a single membrane that is responsible for the storage and synthesis of lipid. 
  • They are obtained from the endoplasmic reticulum, they are surrounded by a single phospholipid monolayer and are found in only plant cells.
  •  So, the correct answer is 'Involved in photorespiration'.
Multiple choice bio-chemistry structure and function of cell organelles microbodies living organisms and energy production single membrane bound organelles

Which organelle is present only in plants?

  1. Glyoxysome

  2. Lysosome

  3. Peroxisome

  4. Ribosome
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
  • Glyoxysome is a type of peroxisome found in plants cells.
  • It is mainly found in the cells of fat storing tissues of germinating seeds and is also present in filamentous fungi.
  • The growing seed or the seedling utilizes the sugars synthesized from fats until it attains maturity (produce them by photosynthesis after maturity).
  • So, the correct answer is 'Glyoxysome'.
Multiple choice bio-chemistry structure and function of cell organelles microbodies living organisms and energy production single membrane bound organelles

In plant cells, peroxisomes are associated with

  1. Photorespiration

  2. Phototropism

  3. Photoperiodism

  4. Photosynthesis
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
  • In plant cells, peroxisomes are associated with photorespiration.
  • Peroxisomes (microbody) are small organelle which contains reducing and oxidising enzyme catalase.
  • It helps in the breakdown of long chain fatty acids through beta-oxidation and converts them into to medium chain fatty acids, which are subsequently broken down to carbon dioxide and water in the mitochondria (photorespiration).
  • So, the correct answer is 'Photorespiration'.
Multiple choice bio-chemistry structure and function of cell organelles microbodies living organisms and energy production single membrane bound organelles

Out of peroxisomes, lysosomes and mitochondria, single membrane covering occurs in

  1. Both peroxisomes and lysosomes

  2. Only peroxisomes

  3. All of the above

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
  • A lysosome is a single membrane-bound organelle which contains digestive enzymes that digest excess or worn out organelles, food particles, engulfed viruses or bacteria and macromolecules.
  • The peroxisome is a single membrane-bound organelle which contains oxidative enzymes and is responsible for lipid production and oxidation reactions within the cell.
  • Whereas, mitochondria is a double membrane-bound organelle and is known as the powerhouse of the cell which is present in all eukaryotic cells.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Both peroxisomes and lysosomes'.
Multiple choice bio-chemistry structure and function of cell organelles microbodies living organisms and energy production single membrane bound organelles

Peroxisomes occur in

  1. Bundle sheath

  2. Vascular bundles

  3. Mesophyll cells

  4. Endosperm
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
  • The peroxisome is a single membrane-bound organelle which contains oxidative enzymes and is responsible for lipid production and oxidation reactions within the cell.
  • Peroxisomes are present in the photosynthetic cells of green plants (palisade cells of C3 plants and bundle sheath cells of C4 plants).
  • So, the correct answer is 'Bundle sheath'.
Multiple choice bio-chemistry structure and function of cell organelles microbodies living organisms and energy production single membrane bound organelles

Microbody present only in plants is

  1. Sphaerosome

  2. Peroxisome

  3. Glyoxysome

  4. Both B and C
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
  • Microbodies or cytosomes can be defined as cellular organelle found in the plant cells, protozoans and animal cells (liver and kidney cells).
  • The different types of microbodies present within a cell are peroxisomes, glyoxysomes, glycosomes and hydrogenosomes.
  • The main function of microbodies is oxidation of fatty acids, amino acids, purines and alcohol (liver cells) which requires significant amounts of oxygen.
  • Glyoxysomes are found only in plants cells in fat storage tissues of germinating seeds and in filamentous fungi.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Glyoxysome'.
Multiple choice bio-chemistry structure and function of cell organelles microbodies living organisms and energy production single membrane bound organelles

New spherosomes develop from

  1. Old sphaerosomes

  2. E.R.

  3. Golgi apparatus

  4. Prospherosomes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
  • Spherosomes or oleosomes can be defined as small cellular organelles found in plant cells that are enclosed by a single membrane. 
  • It is mainly responsible for the storage and synthesis of lipid. 
  • They arise from the endoplasmic reticulum and are enclosed by a phospholipid monolayer.
  • So, the correct answer is 'E.R'.
Multiple choice bio-chemistry structure and function of cell organelles microbodies living organisms and energy production single membrane bound organelles

Organelle covered by a single membrane is

  1. Sphaerosomes

  2. Peroxisomes

  3. Glyoxisomes

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

A. Spherosomes or oleosomes can be defined as small cellular organelles found in plant cells that are enclosed by a single membrane. 

B. The peroxisome is a single membrane-bound organelle which contains oxidative enzymes and is responsible for lipid production and oxidation reactions within the cell.
C. Glyoxysomes are specialized peroxisomes found only in plants cells in fat storage tissues of germinating seeds and in filamentous fungi.
So, the correct answer is 'All of the above'.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry structure and function of cell organelles microbodies living organisms and energy production single membrane bound organelles

Enzyme catalase occurs in

  1. Lysosome

  2. Sphaerosome

  3. Peroxisome

  4. Peroxisome and glyoxysome
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
  • The enzyme catalase occurs in Peroxisome and glyoxysome.
  • The enzyme catalase is found all living organisms such as bacteria, plants, and animals.
  • Its main function is to catalyze the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen and thus, protects the cell from oxidative damage from reactive oxygen species.
  • The peroxisome is a single membrane-bound organelle which contains oxidative enzymes and is responsible for lipid production and oxidation reactions within the cell.
  • Similarly, glyoxysome is specialized peroxisome which is found in fat storage tissues of germinating seeds.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Peroxisome and glyoxysome'.
Multiple choice bio-chemistry structure and function of cell organelles microbodies living organisms and energy production single membrane bound organelles

Peroxisomes and glyoxysomes are

  1. Energy transforming organelles

  2. Membrane-less organelles

  3. Macrobodies

  4. Microbodies
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
  • Peroxisomes and glyoxisomes are microbodies.
  • Microbodies or cytosomes can be defined as cellular organelle found in the plant cells, protozoans and animal cells (liver and kidney cells).
  • The different types of microbodies present within a cell are peroxisomes, glyoxysomes, glycosomes and hydrogenosomes.
  • The main function of microbodies is oxidation of fatty acids, amino acids, purines and alcohol (liver cells) which requires significant amounts of oxygen.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Microbodies'.
Multiple choice bio-chemistry structure and function of cell organelles microbodies living organisms and energy production single membrane bound organelles

Peroxisome is the microbody of a cell that helps in

  1. Removal of electrons and associated hydrogen

  2. Removal of proton

  3. Conversion of carbohydrate into fat

  4. Conversion of carbohydrate into protein
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
  • The peroxisome is a single membrane-bound organelle which contains oxidative enzymes and is responsible for lipid production and oxidation reactions within the cell.
  • It contains the enzyme called catalase.
  • Its main function is to catalyze the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen and thus, protects the cell from oxidative damage from reactive oxygen species.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Removal of electrons and associated hydrogen'.