Biology · Science General

Cell Biology and Structure

3,062 Questions

Cell biology focuses on the structure and function of cellular organelles. Key topics include cellular respiration, DNA inheritance, and energy production. These fundamental biology concepts are crucial for medical entrance and state service examinations.

Cell organelles functionsCellular respiration sitesDNA and ribosomesAnimal cell structurePlant cell components

Cell Biology and Structure Questions

Multiple choice bio-chemistry biological oxidation oxidative phosphorylation living organisms and energy production glycolysis

Mitochondria are sites of

  1. Oxidative phosphorylation

  2. Photolysis

  3. Phosphorylation

  4. Starch synthesis.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The electron transport system is located in the inner membrane of the mitochondria.

The oxisomes or  F0-F1 particles are responsible for the transport of electrons. and ATP synthesis which takes place through electron transport system.
It is known as oxidative phosphorylation which is the addition of a phosphate group to ADP to form ATP in presence of oxygen.

So, the correct answer is 'Oxidative phosphorylation'

Multiple choice bio-chemistry biological oxidation oxidative phosphorylation living organisms and energy production glycolysis

Oxidative phosphorylation is found in

  1. Chloroplasts

  2. Leucoplasts

  3. Peroxisomes

  4. Mitochondria
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The process of formation of ATP during oxidation of reduced coenzymes in the electron transport chain is known as oxidative phosphorylation. This process takes place in the mitochondrial membrane because in mitochondrial membrane there are specialized particles which are known as oxysomes which contain coenzymes for electron transfer.

So, the correct option is 'Mitochondria'.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry biological oxidation oxidative phosphorylation living organisms and energy production glycolysis


Within the mitochondrion, the proton gradient develops across the

  1. Outer membrane

  2. Inner membrane

  3. Intermembrane space

  4. Matrix
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The electrons from NADH AND FADH$ _2$ flows through the inner mitochondrial membrane, thus forming a proton gradient i.e; building an H+ pump which flows through the membrane enzyme complex. An enzyme responsible for this process and energy generation is ATP synthase.

So, the correct option is ' inner membrane'.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry biological oxidation oxidative phosphorylation living organisms and energy production glycolysis

Enzymes of oxidative phosphorylation occur in

  1. Endoplasmic reticulum

  2. Chloroplasts

  3. Mitochondria

  4. Golgi apparatus
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Enzymes that catalyze oxidative phosphorylation are present in the inner membrane which is much less permeable of mitochondria. Oxidative phosphorylation is the process of electrons are transferred from electron donors to electron acceptors 

So the correct option is 'Mitochondria'.

Multiple choice biology life processes: control and coordination nervous system in animals structure of neuron structure and function of neuron

Presynaptic ending contains 

  1. Mitochondria

  2. Lysosomes

  3. Centrioles

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
  • The synapse consists of :
1) presynaptic ending that contains neurotransmitters, and supporting cell organelles like mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum. 
2) postsynaptic ending contains receptor sites for neurotransmitters. and 3)synaptic cleft is the space between the presynaptic and postsynaptic endings.
The function of mitochondria in presynaptic endings is the calcium homeostasis.
  • Hence Presynaptic ending contains Mitochondria.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Mitochondria'.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is a type of plant cell?

  1. Parenchyma cell

  2. Collenchyma cell

  3. Sclerenchyma cell

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Plant cells are the basic unit of structure and function in plants. Parenchyma cells are a type of cell that is found in many parts of the plant and performs a variety of functions, including photosynthesis, storage, and support. Collenchyma cells are a type of cell that provides support for the plant, and sclerenchyma cells are a type of cell that provides strength for the plant.

Multiple choice

Which type of stem cell can differentiate into any cell type in the body?

  1. Embryonic stem cells

  2. Adult stem cells

  3. Induced pluripotent stem cells

  4. Mesenchymal stem cells
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Embryonic stem cells are pluripotent, meaning they can differentiate into any cell type in the body.

Multiple choice

Where does the electron transport chain take place in cells?

  1. Cytosol

  2. Mitochondrial Matrix

  3. Mitochondrial Inner Membrane

  4. Nucleus
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The electron transport chain is a series of protein complexes located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. It transfers electrons from NADH and FADH2 to oxygen, generating a proton gradient used for ATP production.

Multiple choice

What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

  1. Protein synthesis

  2. Lipid synthesis

  3. Carbohydrate synthesis

  4. Packaging and secretion of proteins
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The Golgi apparatus is responsible for packaging and secreting proteins. It modifies proteins and lipids, and packages them into vesicles for transport to other parts of the cell or for secretion.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is not a type of tissue?

  1. Epithelial tissue

  2. Connective tissue

  3. Muscle tissue

  4. Nervous tissue
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Nervous tissue is not a type of tissue. The four main types of tissue are epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscle tissue, and nervous tissue.

Multiple choice

What is a nucleus?

  1. The organelle that contains the cell's DNA

  2. The organelle that contains the cell's RNA

  3. The organelle that contains the cell's protein

  4. The organelle that contains the cell's lipids
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The nucleus is the organelle that contains the cell's DNA.

Multiple choice

What is a mitochondrion?

  1. The organelle that produces the cell's energy

  2. The organelle that produces the cell's RNA

  3. The organelle that produces the cell's protein

  4. The organelle that produces the cell's lipids
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The mitochondrion is the organelle that produces the cell's energy.

Multiple choice

What is a ribosome?

  1. The organelle that assembles proteins

  2. The organelle that assembles RNA

  3. The organelle that assembles DNA

  4. The organelle that assembles lipids
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The ribosome is the organelle that assembles proteins.