Biology · Science General

Cell Biology and Structure

3,062 Questions

Cell biology focuses on the structure and function of cellular organelles. Key topics include cellular respiration, DNA inheritance, and energy production. These fundamental biology concepts are crucial for medical entrance and state service examinations.

Cell organelles functionsCellular respiration sitesDNA and ribosomesAnimal cell structurePlant cell components

Cell Biology and Structure Questions

Multiple choice bio-chemistry unit of living - cell eukaryotic cell kinds of cell introduction to eukaryotic cell

Glyoxysomes occur in

  1. Leaf cells

  2. Fatty seeds

  3. Roots

  4. Meristematic cells
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
  • Glyoxysomes are a type of peroxisomes found in plants and few filamentous fungi.
  • They are particularly found in fat storage tissues of germinating seeds (peanuts, soybeans etc.) in plants.
  • They contain enzymes (citrate synthase, isocitrate lyase and malate synthase etc.) which are responsible for beta-oxidation of fatty acids,
  • It helps in fatty acid oxidation, glyoxylate cycle and gluconeogenesis.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Fatty seeds'.
Multiple choice bio-chemistry unit of living - cell eukaryotic cell kinds of cell introduction to eukaryotic cell

Reshma observes both plant and animal. Which organelle can be expected to see in both the cell?

  1. Plastids

  2. Centrioles

  3. Mitochondria

  4. Central vacuole
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
  • Structurally, plant and animal cells are very similar because they are both eukaryotic cells.
  • The common characteristics in plant and animal cells are They both contain membrane-bound organelles such as the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and peroxisomes. 
  • The mitochondrion is a double-membrane-bound organelle found in most eukaryotic organisms i.e both plant and animals.
  • Hence mitochondria is common in plant and animal cells.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Mitochondria'.
Multiple choice bio-chemistry unit of living - cell eukaryotic cell kinds of cell introduction to eukaryotic cell

Eukaryotic cells which contain very little of E.R. are 

  1. Early embryonic cells

  2. Ova

  3. Resting cells

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
  • The endoplasmic reticulum is a membrane-bound organelle within the cytoplasm of a cell which is responsible for modifying and packaging of proteins (rough) and also involved in lipid and steroid synthesis (smooth).
  • The eukaryotic cell with few endoplasmic reticula is considered to be embryonic cells in the early stages of development, egg cells or resting cells where the above function is not actively performed as in a well-developed cell.
  • So, the correct answer is 'All the above'.
Multiple choice bio-chemistry unit of living - cell eukaryotic cell kinds of cell introduction to eukaryotic cell

Organelle covered by double membrane is

  1. Nucleus

  2. Mitochondrion

  3. Plastid

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
  • The nucleus is a double membrane-enclosed organelle which contains the genetic information and is known as the controlling centre of the cell.
  • The mitochondria is a double-membraned cell organelle, known as the powerhouse of the cell which is present in all eukaryotic cells.
  • Plastids are a pigment containing double membrane-bound organelle which is the site of manufacture and storage of chemical compounds.
  • So, the correct answer is 'All of the above'.
Multiple choice bio-chemistry unit of living - cell eukaryotic cell kinds of cell introduction to eukaryotic cell

Tonoplast is the membrane covering the

  1. Mitochondria

  2. Vacuole

  3. Chloroplast

  4. Ribosome.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Vacuoles are non-cytoplasmic areas present inside the cytoplasm which are separated from the latter by specific membranes. Vacuoles are believed to be formed by expansion and pinching off from ER. Tonoplast is the covering of the vacuole. It is a selectively permeable membrane. It separates the vacuoles from the cytoplasm.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry unit of living - cell eukaryotic cell kinds of cell introduction to eukaryotic cell

The eukaryotic cells have all of the following except

  1. Peptidoglycan in cell wall

  2. 80 S ribosome

  3. Nuclear membrane

  4. Mitochondria.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

A eukaryote is the organism with complex features, i.e, it is apart from the prokaryotic cell it has membrane-bound organelles, especially the nucleus, which contains the genetic material enclosed by the nuclear membrane. A eukaryotic cell has a plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and ribosomes (including the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, chloroplasts, and mitochondria). 

So, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry unit of living - cell eukaryotic cell kinds of cell introduction to eukaryotic cell

Cuticle occurs over

  1. Virus

  2. Human cell

  3. Plant cell

  4. Bacterium
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
  • Cuticle can be defined as a protective film which covers the epidermis of leaves, young shoots and aerial parts of the plants.
  • It is mainly made up of lipids and hydrocarbon polymers that is impregnated with wax which is synthesized by the epidermal cells.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Plant cell'.
Multiple choice bio-chemistry unit of living - cell eukaryotic cell kinds of cell introduction to eukaryotic cell

A mature human erythrocyte has the typical characteristic of

  1. A eukaryotic cell

  2. A prokaryotic cell

  3. Both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell

  4. Neither eukaryotic nor prokaryotic cell.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

A mature erythrocyte has all the characters of a eukaryotic cell except the fact that they lack nucleus & other organelles because they shed other organelles  during maturation.

So, the correct optioni s 'A eukaryotic cell'.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry unit of living - cell eukaryotic cell kinds of cell introduction to eukaryotic cell

Read the given statements regarding a cell organelle.

(i) It contains water, sap, excretory product and other unwanted materials.
(ii) It is bounded by a single membrane called tonoplast.
(iii) In plant cells, it can occupy upto $90$% of cellular volume.
(iv) Its contents form cell sap.
(v) It maintains turgor pressure.
The above features are attributed to

  1. Lysosome

  2. Vacuole

  3. Peroxisome

  4. Mitochondrion
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Sap vacuoles are fluid filled vacuoles or vesicles which are separated from the cytoplasm by a selectively permeable membrane called tonoplast. A number of small sap vacuoles occur in animal cells and young plant cells. In mature plant cells, small vacuoles fuse to form a single large central vacuole. The fluid present in the sap vacuoles is often called cell sap or vacuolar sap. It contains minerals, sugars, oxygen, carbon dioxide, soluble pigments and organic acids. The pigments include anthocyanins (red, purple, blue) and anthoxanthins (ivory to deep yellow). So, the correct answer is 'Vacuole'.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry unit of living - cell eukaryotic cell kinds of cell introduction to eukaryotic cell

Centrioles arise from

  1. Pre-existing centrioles

  2. De novo

  3. Nuclear envelope

  4. Sphaerosome
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
Cytoplasm of eukaryotic animal cells contains two cylindrical, rod-shaped, microtubular structures, called centrioles, near the nucleus. Centrioles lack limiting membrane and DNA or RNA and form a spindle of microtubules. Though centrioles have not been found to contain DNA, yet they are capable of forming new centrioles with the help of pericentriolar satellites which function as nucleating centers.
So, the correct answer is 'Pre-existing centrioles'
Multiple choice bio-chemistry unit of living - cell eukaryotic cell kinds of cell introduction to eukaryotic cell

Without a cytoskeleton, eukaryotic cells would not:

  1. Synthesize protein

  2. Have an efficient way to transport materials from one organelle to another

  3. Have an efficient means of metabolism

  4. Communicate with adjacent cells
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
In eukaryotic cells, the cytoskeleton is a framework around the cell that is responsible for the maintenance of its shape and size. The cytoskeleton is also involved in the transport of materials in and out of the cell. It also helps in movement. So, in the absence of a cytoskeleton, a eukaryotic cell would not be able to efficiently transport materials in and out of the cell or between two or more organelles.

So, the correct answer is 'have an efficient way to transport materials from one organelle to another'.
Multiple choice bio-chemistry unit of living - cell eukaryotic cell kinds of cell introduction to eukaryotic cell
Plant cells differ from animal cells in having

  1. Cell wall

  2. Plastids

  3. A large central vacuole

  4. All of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

A plant cell has rigid wall on the outside. It has plastids like chloroplasts, leukoplasts and chromoplasts and centrally located large vacuole. All of these are absent in an animal cell.

So, the correct answer is 'All of these'

Multiple choice bio-chemistry unit of living - cell eukaryotic cell kinds of cell introduction to eukaryotic cell

Which of the following features is common to prokaryotes and many eukaryotes?

  1. Cell wall present

  2. Nuclear membrane present

  3. Membrane-bound subcellular organelles present

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Prokaryotes and many eukaryotes contain a structure outside the cell membrane called the cell wall. With only a few exceptions all prokaryotes have thick, rigid cell walls that give them their shape. Among eukaryotes, some protists and all fungi and plants have cell wall.

Nuclear membrane, and membrane bound organelles are present only in eukaryotes.
So, the correct answer is 'Cell wall present'.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry unit of living - cell eukaryotic cell kinds of cell introduction to eukaryotic cell

Which of the following is not true for a eukaryotic cell?

  1. Cell wall is made up of peptidoglycans

  2. It has 80S type of ribosome present in the cytoplasm

  3. Mitochondria contain circular DNA

  4. Membrane bound organelles are present
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
  • Inside the cell wall, if present, do not contain muramic acid (therefore, no peptidoglycan). 
  • A eukaryotic cell has 80S ribosomes present in the cytoplasm. 
  • Membrane-bound organelles are present, like, mitochondria, ER, Golgi apparatus, chloroplasts, etc. 
  • Mitochondria are semi-autonomous organelles, which are double membrane-bound and have their own ribosomes (70S) and DNA (circular).
  • So, (A) statement is not true for the eukaryotic cells.