Biology · Science General

Cell Biology and Structure

3,062 Questions

Cell biology focuses on the structure and function of cellular organelles. Key topics include cellular respiration, DNA inheritance, and energy production. These fundamental biology concepts are crucial for medical entrance and state service examinations.

Cell organelles functionsCellular respiration sitesDNA and ribosomesAnimal cell structurePlant cell components

Cell Biology and Structure Questions

Multiple choice bio-chemistry unit of living - cell eukaryotic cell kinds of cell introduction to eukaryotic cell

Which of the following groups of organelles are present in eukaryotic cells, specifically the plant and animal cells?

  1. The mesosome, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, mitochondria and lysosomes

  2. The endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, cytoplasm, nucleoid, nucleus and nucleolus

  3. The mitochondria, nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, Golgi bodies and endoplasmic reticulum

  4. The nucleoid, mesosome and pili
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The various cell organelles that can be seen in the eukaryotic cell cytoplasm include the nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, mitochondria, lysosomes, vacuoles and the ribosomes. The nucleoid is the naked chromosome which is found in the prokaryotic cells like bacteria and the mesosome is also found in the prokaryotic cells where it plays an important role in the respiration. Pili are hair-like structures that help the bacteria to adhere to the surfaces. So, the correct answer is 'The mitochondria, nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, Golgi bodies and endoplasmic reticulum'.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry unit of living - cell eukaryotic cell kinds of cell introduction to eukaryotic cell

In addition to the nucleus, many membrane-bound cell organelles_______________________.

  1. are present in both Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cell

  2. are present in Prokaryotic cell

  3. are present in Eukaryotic cell

  4. are absent in Eukaryotic cell
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The Eukaryotic cells, in addition to the nucleus, have many membrane-bound organelles like the mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies etc. Such membrane-bound organelles are absent in the Prokaryotic cells.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry unit of living - cell eukaryotic cell kinds of cell introduction to eukaryotic cell

Which of the following statements is correct

  1. The nuclear membrane is present in Eukaryotic cells

  2. The nuclear membrane is present in Prokaryotic cells

  3. The nuclear membrane is present in both Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells

  4. The nuclear membrane is absent in the Eukaryotic cells
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The Eukaryotic cells have a true nucleus i.e. their chromosome is covered and protected by a nuclear membrane. Presence of Nuclear membrane or the nucleus is a unique feature of the Eukaryotic cells.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry unit of living - cell eukaryotic cell kinds of cell introduction to eukaryotic cell

Read the following statements w.r.t. meristematic cells:
(i)   Cells have dense cytoplasm with a prominent nucleus.
(ii)  Cells possess well-developed mitochondria, plastids, and endoplasmic reticulum.
(iii) Cells possess the property to divide continuously.
(iv) Apical meristems produce primary tissues.
(v)  During formation of leaves and elongation of the stem, some cells left behind from shoot apical meristem, constitute the axillary bud.
How many of the given statements are correct?

  1. Five

  2. Four

  3. Three

  4. Two
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
Properties of Meristematic Cells
Cells within meristematic tissues have special characteristics that make them unique when compared to cells in mature, specialized plant tissue. Cells within meristematic tissue are self-renewing, meaning that every time they divide, one new cell remains meristematic, while the second heads off to become a programmed or specialized mature cell.

Additionally, all cells within meristematic tissue are living, while other plant tissue can be made of both living and dead cells. Meristematic cells have thin cell walls, small or no vacuoles, which are stored organelles, and large prominent nucleus. This compares to the thick walls and small nucleus of programmed cells, which also have one or more large vacuoles. Also, meristematic cells contain a significant volume of dense liquid, while specialized cells have only a small quantity of thin liquid. 

Except for the statement that the cells possess well-developed mitochondria, plastids, and endoplasmic reticulum all the other statements are true.

So the correct option is 'Four'.
Multiple choice bio-chemistry unit of living - cell eukaryotic cell kinds of cell introduction to eukaryotic cell

Find the incorrect pair.

  1. Mitochondria - Kitchen of cell

  2. Lysosomes - Hydrolytic enzymes

  3. Vacuole - Cell sap

  4. Nucleus - Brain of the cell
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Mitochondria is called as "power house of the cell". But kitchen of the cell is chloroplast, which is present only in plant cells. Chloroplast is referred as 'Kitchen of the cell' because in it, the food is being synthesized with the help of carbondioxide, sunlight and water.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry unit of living - cell eukaryotic cell kinds of cell introduction to eukaryotic cell

(A) Present in prokaryotes and eukaryotes
(B) Composed of ribonucleic acid and proteins above stements are true for:-

  1. Vacuoles

  2. Chloroplast

  3. Mesosome

  4. Ribosome
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The ribosome is found in both prokaryotes (70s) and eukaryote (80s). The ribosome is a complex molecule made of ribosomal RNA molecules and proteins that form a factory for protein synthesis in the cell.

Correct option is D, Ribosome.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry unit of living - cell eukaryotic cell kinds of cell introduction to eukaryotic cell

Select the correct match

  1. 70 S ribosomes-bacterial mesosome

  2. Cytoskeleton-lipoprotein

  3. Kinetochore-centromere

  4. Lysosomes- catalase
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The 70S ribosome is found in prokaryotic organisms and mesosome are invaginations of cell membrane so they do not contain any ribosome.

The cytoskeleton of the cell is solely made of proteins that are actins and never of lipoproteins.
The kinetochore is a disc-shaped structure on the primary constriction of every chromosome called as Centromere.
The lysosomes are the membrane-bound vesicular structures rich in Hydrolases enzymes but never in catalase enzyme. The enzyme catalase is found in abundance inside peroxisomes.
So, the correct answer to the question is 'Kinetochore-centromere'.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry unit of living - cell eukaryotic cell kinds of cell introduction to eukaryotic cell

The complete organelles occur in

  1. Viruses

  2. Bacteria

  3. Eukaryotic cell

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Eukaryotic cells are the cells which contain well developed, membrane-bounded nucleus and organelles such as mitochondria and the Golgi apparatus. In addition, plants and algae contain chloroplasts. Any organism, whose cells contain a nucleus and other organelles enclosed within membranes belong to the taxon Eukarya or Eukaryota. Thus, the correct answer is option C.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry unit of living - cell eukaryotic cell kinds of cell introduction to eukaryotic cell

Read the following statements about eukaryotic cells and choose the incorrect statements .
(i)They have locomotory and cytoskeletal structure.
(ii)Their genetic material is organized into chromosomes.
(iii)There is extensive compartmentalization of cytoplasm.
(iv)They posses an organised nucleus without a nuclear envelope.

  1. $iii\, and \,iv$
  2. $Only\,iv$
  3. $Only\,ii$
  4. $i\,and iv$
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Statement (iv) is incorrect because eukaryotic cells possess a well-defined nucleus enclosed by a nuclear envelope. Statements (i), (ii), and (iii) are correct characteristics of eukaryotic cells.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry unit of living - cell eukaryotic cell kinds of cell introduction to eukaryotic cell

Arrange the following cell organelles in descending order based on their size.
P-Chloroplast, Q-Ribosome, R-Nucleus, S-Lysosome

  1. Q, S, P, R

  2. Q, S, R, P

  3. R, P, S, Q

  4. R, P, Q, S
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
R- The size of the nucleus is about 1.7 x 10$^{-9}$ µm. 
P- The chloroplasts have the size of 3 µm. 
S- The size of the lysosomes is 0.1-1 µm. 
Q- The size of the ribosomes is about 0.02 µm. 

Thus, the correct answer is option C. 

Multiple choice bio-chemistry unit of living - cell eukaryotic cell kinds of cell introduction to eukaryotic cell

Identify P, Q and R from the information given.

P- A colourless liquid-like jelly substance
Q- Maintains the shape of a cell
R- Contains genetic information
P Q R
(A) Nucleus Cell wall Cytoplasm
(B) Cell wall Cytoplasm Nucleus
(C) Nucleus Cytoplasm Cell wall
(D) Cytoplasm Cell wall Nucleus

  1. A

  2. B

  3. C

  4. D
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The label P refers to the cytoplasm which is the jelly-like matrix in the cell. This is colorless and composed majorly of water. 
The label Q is the cell wall which is responsible for maintaining the shape and integrity of the cell. 
The label R is the nucleus which acts as the controlling center of the cell. The genetic information in the form of DNA is present in the nucleus. 
Thus, the correct answer is option D. 

Multiple choice bio-chemistry unit of living - cell eukaryotic cell kinds of cell introduction to eukaryotic cell

Which cell organelles are present in both animal and plant cells?

  1. Cell wall, Chromosomes, Cytoplasm, Chloroplasts

  2. Cell membrane, Chromosomes, Cytoplasm, Mitochondria

  3. Cell membrane, Chloroplast, Chromosomes, Cytoplasm

  4. Cytoplasm, Mitochondria, Cell wall, Chromosomes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

  • The plant and animal cells are eukaryotic and contain well developed cellular organelles. 
  • The cell membrane, cytoplasm, chromosomes, and mitochondria are the structures that are present in both the plant and the animal cells. 
  • The cell wall and chloroplast are present only in the plant cell. 

Thus, the correct answer is option B. 

Multiple choice bio-chemistry unit of living - cell eukaryotic cell kinds of cell introduction to eukaryotic cell

Non-membranous organelle is

  1. Chloroplast

  2. Nucleolus

  3. Centriole

  4. Both B and C
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
A. The chloroplast is a double-membrane bound organelle which contains chlorophyll (green pigment) and helps in photosynthesis.
B. The nucleolus is a small, dense and spherical structure (lacks membrane) present in the nucleus of the cell that is visible during the interphase of the cell division under the microscope.
C. Centrosomes are made up of 2 centrioles (lacks membrane) which are right angled to each other and is composed of a protein known as tubulin.
So, the correct answer is 'Both B and C'.
Multiple choice bio-chemistry unit of living - cell eukaryotic cell kinds of cell introduction to eukaryotic cell

Eukaryotes possess which of the following type of ribosomes?

  1. 60 S

  2. 70 S

  3. 80 S

  4. Both B and C
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
  • Ribosomes are known as protein factories because they are the main site of protein synthesis. 
  • It is made up of two subunits-
  • Large subunits- join amino acids to form a polypeptide chain.
  • Small subunits- reads RNA.
  • In a eukaryotic cell, the ribosome present is an 80S type and the cellular organelles (mitochondria and chloroplasts) have 70S type 
  • It is made up of two subunits- a larger subunit 60S and a smaller subunit 40S.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Both B and C'.