Biology

Cardiovascular and Nervous System

983 Questions

Review the human cardiovascular system through these competitive exam practice questions. Key areas include heart valves, cardiac impulse pathways, and blood pressure regulation. A solid grasp of these fundamentals is crucial for science sections.

Heart anatomy and valvesCardiac impulse conductionBlood pressure mechanicsHeartbeat regulation

Cardiovascular and Nervous System Questions

Multiple choice evolutionary changes in heart transportation - the circulatory system

The number of chambers in the heart of a frog is

  1. One

  2. Two

  3. Three

  4. Four
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The frog heart has 3 chambers two atria and a single ventricle. The atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the blood vessels (veins) that drain the various organs of the body. The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and skin (which also serves as a gas exchange organ in most amphibians). 

Therefore, the correct answer is option C.

Multiple choice evolutionary changes in heart transportation - the circulatory system

Heart of elephant is

  1. Neurogenic

  2. Myogenic

  3. Loop of Henle

  4. Bowman's capsule
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The heart of an elephant is myogenic, as all the vertebrates have myogenic hearts. Myogenic contraction refers to a contraction initiated by the myocyte cell itself instead of an outside occurrence or stimulus such as nerve innervation. For most insects, heart contraction is initiated and regulated predominantly by external nerves; thus, insect hearts are neurogenic. In contrast, vertebrates, tunicates, and some molluscs have myogenic hearts. The heart beat is initiated and regulated by specialized groups of muscle cells.

Multiple choice evolutionary changes in heart transportation - the circulatory system

Starling's law of heart

  1. Greater the stroke volume, greater is the heart rate

  2. Greater the initial length of cardiac muscle fibre, more is the force of contraction of heart

  3. Lesser the length of cardiac muscle fibre, greater the force of contraction

  4. Greater the minute volume, greater is the heart rate.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Starling's law states that the force of ventricular contraction is directly proportional to the initial length (end-diastolic volume) of the cardiac muscle fibers.

Multiple choice evs transportation in animal and plants blood transfusion transfusion of blood blood and organ donation

The device used by the doctor to amplify the heartbeat is

  1. Periscope

  2. Thermometer

  3. Stethoscope

  4. Microphone
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
The stethoscope is an acoustic (hearing) medical device used for auscultation (listening of internal sounds of the body. The doctor will place a small metal circle called a bell, against the chest, at the spot where a person can feel the heartbeat. Hence the device used by the doctor to amplify the heartbeat is stethoscope.
So, the correct answer is 'Stethoscope'.
Multiple choice evs circulation of blood blood transfusion transfusion of blood blood and organ donation

The atrial walls are _than the ventricular wall, and pressure generated in the atrial chambers is than in the ventricles.

  1. thinner,higher

  2. thinner,lower

  3. thicker,higher

  4. thicker,lower
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
The ventricles of the heart have thicker muscular walls than the atria. This is because blood is pumped out of the heart at greater pressure from these chambers compared to the atria. 

So, the correct option is 'thinner, lower'.
Multiple choice evs circulation of blood blood transfusion transfusion of blood blood and organ donation

Glomerular filtration rate would be decreased by?

  1. Construction of the efferent arteriole

  2. An increase in afferent arteriolar pressure

  3. Compression of the renal capsule

  4. An increase in renal blood flow
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
Constriction of the afferent arteriole would increase the pressure in the afferent arteriole. This would decrease the blood flow into the glomerulus and hence, the glomerular filtration rate decreases. This is due to the decrease in the glomerular hydrostatic pressure.
So, the correct answer is 'An increase in afferent arteriolar pressure'.

Multiple choice evs circulation of blood blood transfusion transfusion of blood blood and organ donation

Choose the correct pathway of the transmission of impulses in the heart

  1. AV node $\rightarrow$ SA node $\rightarrow$ Bundle of His $\rightarrow$ Purkinje fibres
  2. SA node $\rightarrow$ AV node $\rightarrow$ Bundle of His $\rightarrow$ Purkinje fibres
  3. SA node $\rightarrow$ Bundle of His $\rightarrow$ AV node $\rightarrow$ purkinje fibres
  4. AV node $\rightarrow$ Bundle of His $\rightarrow$ SA node $\rightarrow$ Purkinje fibres
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
1. The sinoatrial node (SA node) generates the electric impulse that begins the heart beat.
2. The excitation wave travels throughout the muscle of each atrium, causing it to contract.
3. The atrioventricular node (AV node) is stimulated. The relatively slower conduction through this node allows time for the atria to contract and complete the filling of the ventricles.
4. The excitation wave travels rapidly through the bundle of His and then throughout the ventricular walls by means of the bundle branches and Purkinje fibers. 
Multiple choice evs circulation of blood blood transfusion transfusion of blood blood and organ donation

The wave of expansion of an artery when blood is forced into it, is called as

  1. Heart beat

  2. Pulse

  3. Blood wave

  4. Artery wave
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Pulse is the regular, recurrent expansion and contraction of an artery, produced by waves of pressure, caused by the ejection of blood from the left ventricle of the heart as it contracts. Pulse is easily detected on superficial arteries, such as the radial and carotid arteries, and corresponds to each beat of the heart.

Multiple choice evs circulation of blood blood transfusion transfusion of blood blood and organ donation

The resting person usually has a plus rate between ....... beats per minute.

  1. 72 and 78

  2. 72 and 80

  3. 72 and 76

  4. 70 and 80
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Resting heart rate is the heart pumping the lowest amount of blood you need because you’re not exercising. If you’re sitting or lying and you’re calm, relaxed and aren’t ill, your heart rate is normally between 70 (beats per minute) and 80 (beats per minute). But a heart rate lower than 60 doesn’t necessarily signal a medical problem. It could be the result of taking a drug such as a beta blocker. A lower heart rate is also common for people who get a lot of physical activity or are very athletic, Stein said. Active people often have lower heart rates because their heart muscle is in better condition and doesn’t need to work as hard to maintain a steady beat. 

Therefore, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice evs circulation of blood blood transfusion transfusion of blood blood and organ donation

The number of beats ........ is called as the pulse rate.

  1. Two minutes

  2. Three minutes

  3. Per minute

  4. Four minutes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Pulse is a term that signifies the throbbing of arteries as an effect of heartbeat and is counted by the number of beats per minute. The normal pulse rate ( count of arterial pulse beats per minute ) in a healthy adult at rest ranges from 72 to 80 beats per minute. However, the pulse rate may fluctuate with exercise, illness, injury, and emotions.
Pulse rate in an individual can be checked at various points on the body. This is because the pulse may palpate at any place in the human body where an artery can be compressed against a  bone. These are the neck, inside of the elbow,  the wrist,  groin,  behind the knee, ankle joint and foot.

Multiple choice evs circulation of blood blood transfusion transfusion of blood blood and organ donation

Pulse represents 

  1. Tactile arterial palpation.

  2. Tactile venous palpation.

  3. Capillary palpation.

  4. None of the above.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The rate at which the heart beats is pulse rate. As the heart pumps blood through the body, the pulse can be felt in some of the blood vessels close to the surface of the skin such as wrist, neck or upper arm. Hence pulse represents tactile arterial palpation. Thus the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice evs circulation of blood blood transfusion transfusion of blood blood and organ donation

The normal pulse for healthy individual ranges from 

  1. 20-40 beats/minute.

  2. 200-600 beats/minutes.

  3. 60-100 beats/minutes.

  4. 90 beats/minute.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

  • Pulse is a pressure wave that travels through the arteries after each ventricular systole.
  • Since each heartbeat generates one pulse in the arteries, the pulse rate per minute indicates the heart rate.
  • Thus, pulse rate is the same as that of heart rate, between 60 to 100 beats per minute. 
Thus option C is the correct answer.