Carbon and Fossil Fuels

Lignite is a lower grade coal and contains about 40 to 55% carbon. It has low heating power and emits smoke. Its colour varies from dark to black brown.  

The yellow colour flame is seen when bituminous coal is burnt due to incandescence of very fine soot particles that are produced in the flame. This type of flame only burns at around 1,000 °C. Depending on the lighting, you may have actually seen the soot rising from the flame.

Anthracite is the best quality coal. It burns slowly and generates great heat, with very little smoke. Its carbon content is 80 to 95%. Only 5% of the world's coal is of this type.

Bituminous coal contains moisture up to approximately 17 percent. About 0.5 to 2 percent of the weight of bituminous coal is nitrogen. Its fixed carbon content ranges up to approximately 85 percent, with ash content up to 12 percent by weight.

Anthracite is relatively rare compared to other forms of coal, accounting for approximately 5% of the world's total coal reserves.

Lignite, also known as brown coal, has a lower carbon content, typically ranging between 40% and 60%.

Peat is the first stage of coal formation and has the lowest carbon content, typically ranging from 40% to 60%. Other options represent higher-grade coals like lignite, bituminous, or anthracite.

When the Lignite is burnt the flame is in brownish color. Lignite is a low grade brown coal, which is soft with high moisture content.

Anthracite also is the most brittle among coal types. When burned, it produces a very hot, blue flame.

Anthracite: The highest rank of coal. It is a hard, brittle, and black lustrous coal, often referred to as hard coal, containing a high percentage of fixed carbon and a low percentage of volatile matter.

A zero-emissions vehicle, or ZEV, is a vehicle that emits no tailpipe pollutants from the onboard source of power. Harmful pollutants to the health and the environment include particulates (soot), hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, ozone, lead, and various oxides of nitrogen. Although not considered emission pollutants by the original California Air Resources Board (CARB) or U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) definitions, the most recent common use of the term also includes volatile organic compounds, several air toxics and global pollutants such as carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases.

Gas leak is a menace during mining mining, especially, methane. This happens more in coal mines, where there is abundance of carbon. An atom of carbon with hydrogen to form methane. It is suffocating and has proved fatal to miners in the past.

Refinery emissions contain a complex mixture of pollutants including carbon particles, various metals, and solid particulates.

Kerosene is the by-product of crude oil, which is a fossil fuel. In fossil fuels, energy is stored in the form of chemical energy, which is converted into heat and light energies when burnt.