Carbon and Fossil Fuels

In the context of oil and gas, resources refer to the total estimated amount of oil that exists, while reserves refer specifically to the portion that is technically and economically recoverable.

Oxygen is a supporter of combustion. Combustion does not take place without oxygen.

Burning of carbon is an exothermic reaction because heat is evolved in this reaction.
$C + O _2 \rightarrow CO _2 + $ heat
The enthalpy change is negative.

In many areas, biogas can be used as a replacement for fuels like firewood and dried dung for their energy consumption. Replacing firewood with biogas would have a positive effect on deforestation. That would improve  the local environments, ecosystems, problems with erosion etc. Hence option A is correct.

In whipping of eggs, the air is introduced into the fluid but no new substance is formed. Hence, it is a physical change. Digestion and burning of wood results in the formation of new substances. Thus, it is a physical change.

Pyrolysis is specifically defined as the thermal degradation of organic substances in the complete absence of oxygen or in a limited supply of oxygen.

Pyrolysis is the term used for thermal decomposition of materials at high temperature in an inert atmosphere i.e. absence of air.

Pyrolysis occurs when organic material is heated in the absence of air (oxygen) or with a very limited supply, preventing combustion and instead causing thermal decomposition.

Oil refining (fractional distillation) separates crude oil into products like petrol, diesel, kerosene, and lubricants. Hydrogen gas is typically produced via steam reforming or other chemical processes, not directly from oil refining.

Petroleum is a fossil fuel and carbonaceous fuel. These are extracted from the earth and are formed by fossil decomposition and are hence called fossil fuels. These fuels form a major source of energy.

Petroleum is known as Liquid Gold because of its high value in the market. It also serves directly or indirectly as a source for many organic products which are useful to humans. Like gold, it is expensive and difficult to find.

The word petroleum is derived from Latin words –Petra meaning rock, oleum meaning oil. So, petroleum means rock oil.

Petroleum is often referred to as liquid gold due to its high economic value and its critical role in the global economy.

Petroleum is a fossil fuel formed from the remains of ancient marine plants and animals that were buried under layers of sediment and subjected to high heat and pressure over millions of years.