Biology · Science General

Botany and Plant Science

4,989 Questions

Botany and plant science delve into the biological study of plant life, covering structural anatomy, physiological processes, and reproductive mechanisms. Key topics include inflorescence patterns, root modifications, and seed development, which are vital for biology sections in medical entrance exams. This collection of practice questions helps solidify understanding of complex plant functions.

Plant ReproductionPlant AnatomyRoot ModificationsInflorescence PatternsPlant Morphology

Botany and Plant Science Questions

Multiple choice

Match the following:

 
Type of cells Function
a. Cambium 1. Protection
b. Epidermis 2. Transportation of food
c. Xylem 3. Growth
d. Phloem 4. Conduction of water

  1. a - 2, b - 1, c - 4, d - 3

  2. a - 3, b - 1, c - 4, d - 2

  3. a - 1, b - 3, c - 4, d - 2

  4. a - 1, b - 2, c - 3, d - 4

  5. a - 3, b - 1, c - 2, d - 4
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

This is the correct option. The function of cambium is growth. The function of epidermis is protection. The function of xylem is conduction of water. The function of phloem is transportation of food.

Multiple choice

Which of the following stem modifications is essentially meant for reproduction in plants?

  1. Bulbil

  2. Cladode

  3. Phylloclade

  4. Thorn

  5. Tendril
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Bulbil is a special multicellular body essentially meant for reproduction. In Agave, the floral buds are modified into bulbils. These bulbils get detached, come in contact with the soil and develop into new plants. In Dioscorea, the axillary bud develops into a bulbil. This bulbil detaches from the mother plant and grows up into a new independent one.

Multiple choice

Which of the following statements regarding the fertilisation process in angiosperms is false?

  1. The pollen tube does not reach the ovary in a straight line.

  2. Diploid zygote is formed in the embryo sac.

  3. Triple fusion occurs in embryo sac.

  4. After fertilisation, the ovary develops into a fruit.

  5. The growth of pollen tube is controlled by vegetative cytoplasm.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation

The growth of pollen tube is not controlled by vegetative cytoplasm. The tube nucleus controls the growth of the pollen tube.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is not a characteristic of self-pollination in plants?

  1. They can easily grow in Arctic regions or at regions of high elevations.

  2. They bear inconspicuous flowers.

  3. The progeny shows greater vigor due to continuous self-pollination.

  4. They produce self-fertile offsprings.

  5. The purity of race is always maintained.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

New species are not produced due to self-pollination. Progeny shows less vigor due to continuous self-pollination. New characters are not introduced.

Multiple choice

On culturing the young anther of a plant, a man got a few diploid plants along haploid plants. Which of the following might have given the diploid plants?

  1. Generative cell of pollen

  2. Cells of anther wall

  3. Exine of pollen

  4. Vegetative cell of pollen
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

When culturing anthers, haploid plants come from pollen grains (generative or vegetative cells). Diploid plants result from contamination by diploid cells of the anther wall (2n), which are somatic cells that can grow alongside the intended haploid cultures. The exine is just the pollen outer wall and cannot produce plants.

Multiple choice

Which of the following produces androgenic haploids in anther cultures?

  1. Connective tissue

  2. Young pollen grains

  3. Tapetal layer of anther wall

  4. Anther wall
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Young pollen grains are immature male gametophytes that are haploid (n). When anthers are cultured in nutrient medium, pollen grains can divide and form haploid callus tissue, which can regenerate into complete haploid plants - a process called androgenesis. Other tissues mentioned are diploid or somatic.

Multiple choice

Under which of the following conditions would pollen from an S2S5 plant successfully pollinate an S1S5 flower?

  1. If you used pollen from a carpelate flower, to fertilize a staminate flower, it would be successful.

  2. If the plants used gametophytic self-incompatibility, half of the pollen would be successful.

  3. If the plants used sporophytic self-incompatibility, half of the pollen would be successful.

  4. Pollen from an S2S5 plant can never pollinate an S1S5 flower.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Option 2 is correct because in gametophytic self-incompatibility, the S2 pollen would successfully pollinate the S1S5 flower, but the S5 pollen would not.

Multiple choice

Consider the following statements: (a) In exarch xylem, the protoxylem is situated towards the center of the axis and metaxylem lies towards the periphery. (b) Sap wood (Albernum) is the inner colored part of the wood of tree, composed of dead cells filled with resin, gums, tannins, etc., and is not suited for conduction. (c) Tracheid are single cell structures, elongated with tapering ends and shorter in size than vessels. Which of the above statements is/are correct?

  1. Only (a)

  2. Only (b)

  3. Only (c)

  4. All of the above

  5. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Statement (c) is correct. Tracheid are single cell structures, elongated with tapering ends and shorter in size than vessels.