Botany and Plant Science

Pistil is centrally located and is female reproductive part of flower.

Flowers increase beauty of the plants.

Axillary bud lies at the junction of the stem and petiole of a plant.

Respiratory roots are found in jussiaea.These roots are white and spongy filled with air that keep plants floating.

Pneumatophores are called breathing roots. These are the roots found above the ground.

Presence of multicapellary, syncarpous and multilocular gynoecium. The ovules are borne all over the inner surface of the ovary. Superficial placentation is also known as the laminar placentation. This type of placentation is observed in Nymphaeceae and Butomaceae.

It is a type of extreme inflorescence where there is no branching and complete determinacy is seen. For e.g., magnolia.

Some trees have great plant-like roots that radiate from the base of the stem of the tree. It consists of partly root and partly stem. For e.g., Bombax.

Spike inflorescence has a long peduncle, which bears a number of sessile flowers in acropetal succession. For e.g., amaranthus.

In most of the desert plants, leaves are reduced and they appear as scales. The scale are thin, dry, membranous, stalk-less. This modification is evolved in order to minimise the rate of transpiration. For e.g., Incense Cedar, Western Red Cedar.

Bulbil is a special multicellular body essentially meant for reproduction. In Agave the floral buds are modified into bulbils. These bulbils get detached, come in contact with the soil and develop into new plants. In Dioscorea the axillary bud develops into a bulbil. This bulbil detaches from the mother plant and grows up into a new independent one.

New species are not produced due to self pollination. Progeny shows less vigor due to continuous self pollination. New characters are not introduced.

A cleistogamous flower is usually smaller and requires less energy to produce. It is also structured to bring its reproductive organs into contact, making it more likely that fertilisation will be successful.

An umbel is an inflorescence which consists of a number of short flower stalks which spread from a common point, somewhat like umbrella ribs. These are characteristics of plants such as carrot, parsley, dill and fennel.

The pollen tube does not reach the ovary in a straight line. The pollen tube grows near the style and curls to the bottom of the ovary and then near the receptacle. The pollen tube then breaks into the ovule through the micropyle and then the micropyle bursts into the embryo sac.