Botany and Plant Science

In this type, two stipules are fused by outer margin.

Lamina is long, narrow and flattened in this plant.

 Each flower has 5 stamens. 

 As we move from thallophyta to gymnosperms, gametophyte is gradually reduced and sporophyte is gradually elaborated.

Algae are large and diverse groups of simple, typically autotrophic organisms ranging from unicellular to multicellular forms. They are photosynthetic, like plants and are called 'simple' because they lack many distinct organs (like stem, leaves) found in land plants. Alga is a non-vascular plant, i.e. without a vascular system (xylem and phloem). Non-vascular plants have no roots, stems or leaves. Since each of these structures contains vascular tissues. Hence, the correct answer is algae.  Reason: Vascular tissue is a complex conducting tissue. The primary components of vascular tissues are xylem and phloem. These two tissues transport fluid and nutrients internally.

Rhizoids - are structures in fungi that function like roots in support or absorption. Bryophytes lack vascular tissues. In bryophytes, roots are absent instead there are root-like structures known as rhizoids. 

 Embryo - is a part of a seed consisting of precursor tissues for leaf, stem and roots. It is formed by multiple division of zygote. In pteridophytes, embryos are not formed after zygote. Zygote directly gives rise to a young plant. No embryo stage is present in pteridophyte.

Reason: Dicot - 'Di' means two and 'cot' means cotyledons

Rhizoids - Mosses have root like rhizoids but these are not true roots because they do not have vascular systems. Dicots have tap root systems (straight roots that grow vertical downward) 

Flower - bears both reproductive parts for male (stamens) and female (ovary). Therefore, in angiosperms, reproductive organs aggregate in the form of a flower

Thallophyte includes the plants that do not have well differentiated body designs. These plants are predominantly aquatic. The plants in this group are called algae, which have chlorophyll and can synthesize food by the process of photosynthesis.

Mosses do not have specialised vascular tissue.

A ‘thallus’ refers to a plant body having no distinction of stem, leaves and roots.

Pteridophytes possess xylem and phloem, but not seeds.