Biology · Chemistry

Biomolecules and Enzymes

1,432 Questions

This topic focuses on biomolecules, specifically proteins, enzymes, and amino acids. It includes questions on enzyme structures, protein folding, and catalysis. These concepts are crucial for medical and biology competitive exams.

Enzyme catalysisProtein structuresAmino acid synthesisPolypeptide chainsBiomolecule properties

Biomolecules and Enzymes Questions

Multiple choice zoology biotechnology: general introduction application of biotechnology miscellaneous applications of biotechnology application of biology in therapy and vaccine

The biological content which acts as a sensor in biosensor can be __________.

  1. Nucleic acid

  2. Plant proteins

  3. Lectins

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
  • The biological component of biosensor can be divided into two distinct groups, i.e., catalytic and non-catalytic.
  •  The catalytic group includes enzymes, microorganisms and tissues, while the non-catalytic consists of antibodies, receptors, nucleic acids and some proteins such as lectins etc. 
  • The recognition process is based on the principle of complementary base  pairing adenine:thymine and cytosine:guanine in DNA. 
  • If the target nucleic acid sequence is known,complementary sequences can be synthesized, labelled, and then immobilized on the sensor.
  • The most important applications of lectin-based biosensors are in the field of medicine and therapeutics. 
So, the correct answer is option D.
Multiple choice zoology biotechnology: general introduction application of biotechnology miscellaneous applications of biotechnology application of biology in therapy and vaccine

Why are enzymes considered as a good bioreceptors for biosensors?

  1. They have specific binding capabilities

  2. They have good catalytic power

  3. They can detect analytes

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Bioreceptor interacts with the specific analyte of interest to produce an effect which is measured by the transducer. The main reasons for the common use of enzymes in biosensors are:

  • Ability to catalyze a large number of reactions;
  • Potential to detect a group of analytes such as substrates, products, inhibitors, and modulators of the catalytic activity and
  • Suitability with several different transduction methods for detecting the analyte
So, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice zoology biotechnology: general introduction application of biotechnology miscellaneous applications of biotechnology application of biology in therapy and vaccine

The common type of bioreceptor interaction involves _____________.

  1. Antigen-antibody

  2. Enzyme-ligand

  3. Nucleic acid- DNA

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Biosensors rely on specific biological interactions to detect analytes. Antigen-antibody, enzyme-ligand, and nucleic acid interactions are all standard mechanisms used in various types of biosensors.

Multiple choice chemistry atomic theory, periodic classification and properties of elements introduction to periodic table necessity of classification need for classification

A biological catalyst is

  1. $N _2$ molecules

  2. an enzyme

  3. an amino acid<span class="MathJax MathJax_Processing">

  4. a carbohydrate
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Biological catalysts are proteins known as enzymes, which speed up biochemical reactions in living organisms. Amino acids are the building blocks of enzymes, but the enzyme itself is the catalyst.

Multiple choice chemistry atomic theory, periodic classification and properties of elements introduction to periodic table necessity of classification need for classification

Hydrolysis of urea is an example of

  1. Homogenious reaction

  2. heterogenious reaction

  3. Biomolecular reaction

  4. Both a and b
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Enzymes are biological catalysts which catalyze the biochemical reactions in living organisms.

Hydrolysis of urea by urease is an example of  biochemical catalysis.

 

Multiple choice evs - i constituents of food dietary sources of proteins types of nutrients calorific value of nutrients

Signaling between cells usually results in the activation of protein

  1. Lipases

  2. Kinases

  3. Proteases

  4. Nucleases
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

One of the important mechanisms of cell communication is through reversible phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of proteins. These reactions are catalysed by kinases and occur through a cascade mechanism.

Multiple choice evs - i constituents of food dietary sources of proteins types of nutrients calorific value of nutrients

Most abundant protein in the human body is

  1. Haemoglobin

  2. Keratin

  3. Collagen

  4. Immunoglobulin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Collagen is the most abundant protein in the animal world which accounts for 30% of total protein content in the human body. Collagen is a key constituent of all the connective tissues. It is found in joints, bones, skin, hair, etc. This protein helps the skin to move, stretch and rebound into shape. It is present throughout the body and keeps the cells together. Without collagen the body would fall apart into pieces. 

Thus, the correct answer is option C.

Multiple choice evs - i constituents of food dietary sources of proteins types of nutrients calorific value of nutrients

The protein encoded by cry | Ab controls:

  1. Tobacco Budworm

  2. Corn Borer

  3. Bollworm

  4. Army worm
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The Bt toxin is encoded by a gene named cry. The protein encode by cry IAb control corn borers.The protein encoded by the genes cry I Ac and cry II Ab control the cotton boll worms.

  • Thus, the correct answer is 'Corn Borer'.

Multiple choice evs - i constituents of food dietary sources of proteins types of nutrients calorific value of nutrients

Identify the incorrect match between the protein and its role.

  1. Keratin structural component of hair

  2. Immunoglobulins protection of body against diseases
  3. Haemoglobin transport of $O _2$ in muscles

  4. Thrombin blood clotting
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
The pigmented proteins in the muscle fibers which impart the red color to the muscles is called myoglobin. This protein is involved in the process of oxygen storage in the muscle tissues by binding to it. In conditions such as hypoxia oxygen is released by the myoglobin. Hence it is the oxygen trasnsporter to the muscle fibers. Thus the correct answer is option C. 
Multiple choice evs - i constituents of food dietary sources of proteins types of nutrients calorific value of nutrients


The following is a storage protein

  1. Keratin

  2. Collagen

  3. Glutelin

  4. Haemoglobin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

A) Keratin is the protein that is the structural material making up hair, horns, claws, hooves and the outer layer of human skin.

B) Collagen is the building block of the entire body, from the skin to the gut.
C) Glutelin is the storage protein that is found in the species of grass family commonly known as gluten.
D) Haemoglobin is a blood protein that helps in the transport of oxygen.
Hence, the correct answer is 'Glutelin'.

Multiple choice evs - i constituents of food dietary sources of proteins types of nutrients calorific value of nutrients

The ratio of $H _1$ and $H _3$ proteins in chromatin is?

  1. $1:2$
  2. $2:1$
  3. $1:1$
  4. $1:4$
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

  • Histones are a family of basic proteins that associate with DNA in the nucleus and help condense it into chromatin, they are alkaline (basic pH) proteins, and their positive charges allow them to associate with DNA.
  • Five types of histones have been identified: H1 (or H5), H2A, H2B, H3 and H4.
  • The core histones are H2A, H2B, H3, and H4, and the linker histones are H1 and H5. These types of histones are smaller, each consisting of 100-150 residues.
  • H1 and its homologous protein H5 are involved in higher-order structures of chromatin consisting about 220 residues.
  • The ratio of H1 and H3 proteins in chromatin is 1:2
So, the correct option is '1:2'