Biomolecules and Enzymes

Biocatalysis is the use of natural catalysts, such as protein enzymes, to perform chemical transformations on organic compounds. Both enzymes that have been more or less isolated and enzymes still residing inside living cells are employed for this task.

Ethylene is formed in plants from amino acid methionine.

L-alanine is obtained from pyruvate by the reaction L-glutamate + pyruvate ⇌ α-ketoglutarate + L-alanine.

Haemoglobin is a RBC protein.

It is known as Riske centre.

All statements are true.

Asparagine is one of the 20 most common natural amino acids on Earth. It has carboxamide as the side-chain's functional group. It is not an essential amino acid. Its codons are AAU and AAC.

MreB is a protein found in bacteria that has been identified as a homologue of actin, as indicated by similarities in tertiary structure and conservation of active site peptide sequence.

Saccharopine is an intermediate in the metabolism of amino acid lysine. It is a precursor of lysine in the alpha-aminoadipate pathway which occurs in a few lower fungi, the higher fungi, and euglenids.

Formiminoglutamic acid (FIGLU) is an intermediate in the metabolism of histidine. The FIGLU test is used to identify deficiency of vitamin B12 or folate deficiency or liver disease.

Osteonectin is a glycoprotein in the bone that binds sodium. It is secreted by osteoblasts during bone formation, initiating mineralization and promoting mineral crystal formation. Osteonectin also shows affinity for collagen in addition to bone mineral calcium.

Glycocyamine is a metabolite of glycine in which the amino group has been converted into a guanidine. It is a direct precursor of creatine and is used as a supplement. However, the metabolism of creatine from glycocyamine in the liver causes a depletion of methyl groups.

Cooperative binding is a special case of allostery. Cooperative binding requires that the macromolecule have more than one binding site, since cooperativity results from the interactions between binding sites.

Glutamic acid is one of the 20 proteinogenic amino acids, and its codons are GAA and GAG. It is a non-essential amino acid.

Chymotrypsin is a digestive enzyme that can perform proteolysis. It is synthesized in the pancreas by protein biosynthesis as a precursor called chymotrypsinogen that is enzymatically inactive.