Biology

Biological Reproduction

806 Questions

Biological reproduction encompasses processes like asexual and sexual reproduction, alternation of generations, and specific mechanisms in plants and fungi. This topic is fundamental for biology paper preparation in various competitive exams. Practice these questions to solidify your understanding.

Asexual reproduction structuresPlant and fungi life cyclesCloning and fertilizationReproductive terminology

Biological Reproduction Questions

Multiple choice zoology living and non living characteristics of life attributes of living organisms signs of life biology : an introduction living world and classification

Read the following statements and select the correct option.


Statement 1: Reproduction cannot be considered as a defining property of living organisms.
Statement 2: There are many living organisms which do not reproduce, e.g., mules, worker bees, etc.

  1. Both statements 1 and 2 are correct.

  2. Statement 1 is correct but statement 2 is incorrect.

  3. Statement 1 is incorrect but statement 2 is correct.

  4. Both statements 1 and 2 are incorrect.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

A- Reproduction cannot be considered an inclusive defining characteristics of living organisms of the following. In single celled organism growth and reproduction are synonym as increased in no. of cells is considered as growth as well reproduction. Organisms like mule and liger can't reproduce fertile offspring.

B- Growth is the increase in the number or mass of cells. However, reproduction in case of unicellular organisms is also achieved by an increase in cell number. Thus, growth and reproduction are synonymous and cannot be the distinguishing factor. Moreover, there are many organisms such as worker bees, mules, infertile human couples that cannot reproduce. 
So, the correct option is ' Both statements 1 and 2 are correct'.

Multiple choice zoology living and non living characteristics of life attributes of living organisms signs of life biology : an introduction living world and classification

The property which is present universally in living organism is 

  1. Reproduction

  2. Metabolism

  3. Cellular organisation

  4. Growth
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Metabolism is the sum of all chemical reactions occurring within a living organism and is considered a defining characteristic of life, as it is present in all living organisms.

Multiple choice zoology living and non living characteristics of life attributes of living organisms signs of life biology : an introduction living world and classification

In nonliving things

  1. Growth occurs from inside

  2. Growth occurs from outside

  3. Reproduction is asexual

  4. Cell is the structural unit
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
  • Non-living things do not grow through internal metabolic functions but by adding on from the outside. Non-living things do not need the energy to continue to exist. Some nonliving things such as crystals grow by accumulating more of the same material of which they are made.
  • Living things exhibit growth, movement, reproduction, respiration and metabolism. Living things use energy, respond to stimuli and adapt to their environment.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Growth occurs from outside'.
Multiple choice botany life processes in living organisms- part 1 introduction to flower pre fertilization - plants modes of reproduction

Sporic meiosis occurs in

  1. Animals

  2. Thallophyta

  3. Bryophyta

  4. All plants except thallophyta
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Sporic meiosis, has mitosis in two stages, both the diploid and haploid stages, termed diplobiontic. 

Sporic meiosis occurs in all plants except thallophyta. In sporic meiosis, the division by mitosis happens to create a multicellular diploid organism, the sporophyte. Some of the cells of the sporophite then produce spores through a sporic meiosis. In this case, the meiosis is sporic (because it produces spores). The spores then produce a haploid gametophyte which, in turn, will produce the gametes through mitosis. 

Multiple choice botany the life cycle of plants parthenocarpic fruits parthenogenesis asexual reproduction

Which one of the following organisms reproduces sexually only once in its life time?

  1. Banana plant

  2. Mango

  3. Tomato

  4. Eucalyptus
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
A. Banana is a perennial plant. It reproduces sexually only once in its lifetime. Hence, it flowers only once its life. After reproducing sexually once, reproduction in the banana plant is done by parthenocarpy. 
B. Mango is a perennial plant because it grows and flowers for more than two years.
C. Tomato is a perennial plant as it continues to grow and flowers for than two years.
D. Eucalyptus is an annual plant. It completes its life cycle within one year and then dies.
So, the correct answer is 'Banana plant'.
Multiple choice zoology reproduction in organisms parthenocarpic fruits parthenogenesis the life cycle of plants

Which of the following describes the development of an egg without a sperm?

  1. Binary fission

  2. Budding

  3. Spore formation

  4. Vegetative propagation

  5. Parthenogenesis
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation

Parthenogenesis may be defined as the development of female gamete into a new individual without fertilization. The megaspore mother cell undergoes the usual meiotic division to form haploid egg and embryo develops from the egg without fertilization.

So, the correct answer is option E.

Multiple choice zoology reproduction in organisms parthenocarpic fruits parthenogenesis the life cycle of plants

Parthenogenesis is connected with

  1. Sexual reproduction

  2. Asexual reproduction

  3. Regeneration

  4. Budding
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Parthenogenesis is the development of an embryo from an unfertilized egg or if a spermatozoa does penetrate the egg, there is no union of male and female pronuclei. It is a mode of asexual reproduction. On the basis of divison, it is of two types- apomictic parthenogenesis and automictic parthenogenesis.

In apomictic parthenogenesis, the mature egg cells are produced by mitotic divisions, and these cells directly develop into embryos. The offsprings produced are full clones of the mother.
In automictic parthenogenesis, the mother cell undergoes meiosis and produces haploid offspring which are half clone of the mother cell.

So, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice zoology reproduction in organisms parthenocarpic fruits parthenogenesis the life cycle of plants

Formation of an organism from a single, male gamete without fusion with egg is an example of

  1. Parthenogenesis

  2. Apogamy

  3. Apospory

  4. Parthenocarpy
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
• Parthenogenesis is the development of female gamete or sometimes male gamete, without fertilization.
• Apogamy is the formation of a sporophyte from the gametophyte without the fusion of gametes.
• Apospory is the formation of gametophyte from the sporophytic cells without the formation of spores.
• Parthenocarpy is the formation of fruits without fertilization in which unfertilized egg develops into a fruit.
Hence, the formation of an organism from single male gamete without fusion with the egg is called parthenocarpy.
So, the correct answer is A.
Multiple choice zoology reproduction in organisms parthenocarpic fruits parthenogenesis the life cycle of plants

Identify the wrong statement

  1. Plants produced vegetatively or asexually are called clones

  2. Organisms exhibiting external fertilization release a large number of gametes

  3. Development of embryo from fertilized female gamete is called parthenogenesis

  4. Conidia are formed in Alternaria
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
Vegetatively propagated plants are the clone of their own parents because the fusion of gametes does not take place in vegetative propagation so there is no chance of recombination and variation.The parent cell divides to form daughter cell by mitosis due to which the offspring is genetically identical to the parent. The statement is true.
Organisms exhibiting external fertilization release a large number of gametes to increase the chance of fertilization and increase the rate of survival of the gametes which are affected by the unfavorable condition in the environment. The statement is true.
Parthenogenesis is the development of an embryo from an unfertilized egg or if a spermatozoa does penetrate the egg, there is no union of male and female pronuclei. It is a mode of asexual reproduction. The statement is false.
Alternaria solani is a deuteromycete with a polycyclic life cycle. Alternaria solani reproduces aesexually by means of conidia. The statement is true.
So, the correct answer is option C.
Multiple choice zoology reproduction in organisms parthenocarpic fruits parthenogenesis the life cycle of plants

Development of an organism from female gamete/egg without involving fertilization is

  1. Adventitive embryony

  2. Polyembryony

  3. Parthenocarpy

  4. Parthenogenesis
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
Parthenogenesis is the development of an embryo from an unfertilised egg or if a spermatozoa does penetrate the egg, there is no union of male and female pronuclei. It is a mode of asexual reproduction. On the basis of division, it is of two types apomictic parthenogenesis and automictic parthenogenesis. In apomictic parthenogenesis, the mature egg cells are produced by mitotic divisions, and these cells directly develop into embryos. The offsprings produced are full clones of the mother.
In automictic parthenogenesis, the mother cell undergoes meiosis and produces haploid offspring which are the half-clone of the mother cell.
Adventive embryony is a type of apomixis where the embryo arises from cells of nucellus or the integument.
The production of two or more embryos in one seed is known as polyembryony.
Parthenocarpy is natural or artificially induced production of fruit without fertilization of ovules.
So, the correct answer is option D.
Multiple choice zoology reproduction in organisms parthenocarpic fruits parthenogenesis the life cycle of plants

Seedless fruits in Banana are produced through

  1. Asexual reproduction

  2. Parthenogenesis

  3. Triploid

  4. Cross pollination
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Seedless fruits in the banana are produced through parthenocarpy which is a type of parthenogenesis. The inflorescence contains clusters of flowers. The ovary of flower develops into a seedless fruit by parthenocarpy. The female flowers of the inflorescence present on the true stem mature and develop into fruit without fertilization of gametes while the male flowers produce pollen which may or may not be sterile.

So, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice zoology reproduction in organisms parthenocarpic fruits parthenogenesis the life cycle of plants

Process of formation of an individual without contribution of father is called as

  1. Epigenesis

  2. Pangenesis

  3. Induction

  4. Parthenogenesis
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The process of sexual reproduction usually involves gametogenesis, which generates haploid gametes (sperm and ovum) and their fusion during fertilization. Sometimes an embryo can develop without participation of male gamete (sperm). Parthenogenesis is a type of asexual reproduction in which females produce offspring from unfertilized eggs i.e., the development of an unfertilized egg into an adult organism. It is common among honeybees, wasps, and certain other arthropods.

Multiple choice zoology reproduction in organisms parthenocarpic fruits parthenogenesis the life cycle of plants

Natural parthenogenesis occurs in

  1. Dog

  2. Honey-bee

  3. Frog

  4. House-fly
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Parthenogenesis is a type of asexual reproduction in which an unfertilized egg develops into an adult animal. The adult is typically haploid. Parthenogenesis is common among insects (especially honeybees and wasps) and crustaceans; it also occurs among some other invertebrate and vertebrate groups, including some species of nematodes, gastropods, fishes, amphibians, and reptiles. Thus, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice zoology reproduction in organisms parthenocarpic fruits parthenogenesis the life cycle of plants

Read the following statements $1$ and $2$ and identify the correct one.
$(1)$ In bees parthenogenetic zygote develops into monoploid male
$(2)$ The fertilised egg develops into diploid female.

  1. $1$ is correct, $2$ is not correct
  2. Only $2$ is correct
  3. Both $1$ and $2$ are incorrect
  4. Both $1$ and $2$ are correct
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

In social bees like honeybees, unfertilized eggs develop via arrhenotokous parthenogenesis into haploid (monoploid) males, also known as drones. Fertilized eggs develop into diploid females, which can become workers or queens depending on their nutrition.

Multiple choice zoology reproduction in organisms parthenocarpic fruits parthenogenesis the life cycle of plants

.......... is a form of reproduction which does not involve a male gamete.

  1. Fragmentation

  2. Spores

  3. Budding

  4. Agamogenesis
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Fragmentation, budding and spore formation are types of asexual reproduction where no gamete formation takes place. Here, a single organism produces offspring without the involvement of any other organism or gamete formation.

While agamogenesis does not involve a male gamete though organisms Are capable of producing male gametes or undergoing sexual reproduction. Parthenogenesis is an example of agamogenesis in which an unfertilized egg develops into a new individual. Honeybee and turkey undergo parthenogenesis.
So, the correct option is 'Agamogenesis'.