Animal Tissue and Anatomy

Cochlea consists of three fluid filled chambers, the upper scala media, scala vestibule and scala media, which are separated by Reissner's membrane. 

Homologous organs are similar in structure and origin but not necessarily in function. Hence, organs from different species having a similar basic form, microscopic structures, body positions and embryonic development are said to be homologous. Homologous structures showing adaptations to different environmental conditions and modes of life are examples of adaptive radiation. The fossils of prehuman and ancestral human forms are obtained form widely diverse regions of Africa, Asia and Europe, which indicates that man's center of origin was probably in Asia and Africa. More precisely man has originated in central Asia because the number of domesticated animals and plants is maximum in Asia and the oldest known fossils have been obtained from Asia, China, Java and India. Climatic conditions in Asia and nearby places were most conductive for human evolution.

Ruffini ending or Ruffini corpuscle is a slowly adapting mechanoreceptor found in the cutaneous tissue of humans. It is named after Angelo Ruffini.This spindle-shaped receptor is sensitive to skin stretch, and contributes to the kinesthetic sense of and control of finger position and movement.

Scala media contains the organ of hearing, named organ of Corti. Organ of Corti is named after its discoverer Alfanso Corti. Organ of Corti rests on the basilar membrane and contains receptor hear cells, Deiter's cells (basal cells), cells of Hensen (supporting cells), etc. 

The Malpighian body (or renal corpuscle) consists of the glomerulus and the Bowman's capsule combined.

The larynx, located at the top of the trachea, contains the vocal cords and is commonly known as the voice box.

The external openings of the nasal cavity are anatomically known as nostrils.

 Trachea is supported by rings of soft bones called cartilage.

The pharynx is the muscular tube that connects the mouth and nasal cavity to the esophagus and the larynx (windpipe).

The trachea bifurcates into two primary bronchi, which lead into the left and right lungs.

Scrotum consists of a suspended sack of skin and smooth muscle that is dual-chambered, present in most terrestrial male mammals and is located under the penis.

Skeletal system is the system of the body which provides framework to the body. It supports, protects the body and allows the movement of various body parts. It includes bones, tendons, ligaments, cartilages, joints, etc. Digestive system helps in food digestion, circulatory in the circulation of blood and excretory in the removal of wastes.

Fish swim in water as they have a streamlined body. They also need to maintain balance so that they may not sink down. For this purpose, they have fins which act as balancer organ for them.

Husk is separated from the grain by threshing and this husk is used to feed the animals.  

Purkinje fibres are found in the heart. They are specialized conducting fibers.